fa ارزیابی اثرات کنترل علف‌های‌هرز و نسبت‌های مختلف کشت مخلوط کلزا (Brassica napus L.) و گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius L.) بر خصوصیات عملکردی کلزا (رقم شیرعلی) رشد گیاهان در شرایط تنش Plant growth under stressful conditions پژوهشي Research <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="tab-stops:center 234.0pt right 468.0pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">پیشینه پژوهش و هدف:</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> باتوجه به نقش فزاینده کشت مخلوط در ارتقای پایداری سیستم‌های زراعی و همچنین توانایی آن در مهار رشد علف‌های</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">&shy;</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">هرز، این پژوهش به منظور ارزیابی اثرات کشت مخلوط بر کنترل علف&shy;های&shy;هرز و تأثیر آن بر خصوصیات زراعی و عملکرد کلزا در سامانه کشت مخلوط کلزا و گلرنگ اجرا گردید.</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#0d0d0d"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="tab-stops:center 234.0pt right 468.0pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">روش&shy;ها:</span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> به منظور انجام این تحقیق، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 10 تیمار و 3 تکرار </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">در سال زراعی 1401-1400 در مزرعه&rlm;ای در شهرستان مراغه </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">اجرا گردید. فاکتور اول شامل کنترل علف&rlm;های</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">هرز در دو سطح کنترل علف&rlm;های</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">هرز و عدم کنترل علف&rlm;های</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">هرز و فاکتور دوم شامل نسبت</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">های مختلف کشت</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> (1- </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">کشت خالص کلزا، 2- تراکم مطلوب گلرنگ (60 بذر در متر&rlm;مربع) + 50 درصد تراکم مطلوب کلزا (40 بذر در متر&rlm;مربع)، 3- تراکم مطلوب گلرنگ (60 بذر در متر&rlm;مربع) + 75 درصد تراکم مطلوب کلزا (60 بذر در متر&rlm;مربع)، 4- کشت مخلوط جایگزینی </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">&ndash;</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> 1:1 یک ردیف کلزا و یک ردیف گلرنگ، 5- کشت مخلوط جایگزینی </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">&ndash;</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> 2:1 دو ردیف کلزا و یک ردیف گلرنگ) </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">درنظر گرفته شد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="tab-stops:center 234.0pt right 468.0pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">نتایج:</span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> نتایج حاکی از آن بود که در گیاه کلزا، بیشترین عملکرد زیست‌توده در کشت خالص کلزا با 7990 کیلوگرم در هکتار و عملکرد دانه مربوط به کشت خالص کلزا با کنترل علف&shy;های‌هرز مشاهده شد. کلیه‌ تیمارهای کشت مخلوط بجز تیمار کشت </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">تراکم مطلوب گلرنگ + 50 درصد تراکم مطلوب کلزا، </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">نسبت برابری زمین بالاتری نسبت به کشت خالص داشتند. </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">بیشترین</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">میزان نسبت برابری زمین به تیمار کشت مخلوط جایگزینی 1:1 با کنترل علف‌های&shy;هرز با مقدار 71/1 تعلق داشت.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="tab-stops:center 234.0pt right 468.0pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">نتیجه&shy;گیری کلی:</span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> نتایج نشان داد که الگوهای کشت مخلوط نه&shy;تنها می‌توانند عملکرد کلزا را افزایش دهند، بلکه به بهبود مدیریت علف‌های&shy;هرز و استفاده بهینه از منابع محیطی کمک می‌کنند. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Background and Objective:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Considering the increasing role of intercropping in enhancing the sustainability of agricultural and medicinal systems, as well as its demonstrated capability in weed suppression, this research was designed and conducted to evaluate the effects of intercropping on weed control and its impact on the agronomic traits and yield of canola, variety Shir-Ali, within a canola</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">(<i>Brassica napus</i> L.)</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">-</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">safflower</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">(<i>Carthamus tinctorius</i> L.) intercropping system.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Methods:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">To conduct this research, an experiment was designed as a factorial experiment based on a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 10 treatments and 3 replications during the </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2020-2021</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> crop season in a farm located in Maragheh, Iran. </span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The first factor included weed control at two levels: complete weed control and no weed control. The second factor involved different intercropping ratios</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">(1- Pure cultivation of canola, 2- Optimal density of safflower (60 seeds/m²) + 50% optimal density of canola (40 seeds/m²), 3- Optimal density of safflower (60 seeds/m²) + 75% optimum density of canola (60 seeds/m²), 4- Mixed cultivation of 1:1 replacement of safflower and canola, 5- Mixed cultivation of 2:1 replacement of safflower and canola).</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:#0d0d0d"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Results:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> The results indicated that in canola, the highest biomass yield was observed in the pure canola treatment with 7990 kg per hectare, while the highest seed yield was recorded in the pure canola treatment with weed control. All intercropping treatments had a higher land equivalent ratio compared to the pure cultivation, except for the treatment of </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">optimal density of safflower (60 seeds/m²) + 50% optimal density of canola (40 seeds/m²).&nbsp;</span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> The findings of this study demonstrate that intercropping patterns not only enhance the performance of canola but also contribute to improved weed management and optimal resource utilization. </span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> &nbsp; شاخص برداشت, عملکرد دانه, عملکرد زیست ‌توده. نسبت‌های کشت. Biomass yield, Cultivation ratios, Harvest index, Seed yield. 3 4 http://jspi.iut.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2193-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Jalil Shafagh- kolvanagh جلیل شفق کلوانق shafagh@tabrizu.ac.ir Yes University of Tabriz دانشگاه تبریز Fariborz Shekari فریبرز شکاری shekari@maragheh.ac.ir No Maragheh University دانشگاه مراغه Abdullah Jawanmard عبدالله جوانمرد a.javanmard@maragheh.ac.ir No Maragheh University دانشگاه مراغه Mina Amani مینا امانی minaamani@tabrizu.ac.ir No University of Tabriz دانشگاه تبریز Zohreh Saeli-Ashan زهره سائلی اشان saeli54@gmail.com No University of Tabriz دانشگاه تبریز