Showing 5 results for Ammonium
N. Najafi, M. Parsazadeh,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (5-2010)
Abstract
In order to study the effect of nitrogen form and pH of nutrient solution on the shoot concentration of P, nitrate, organic N + inorganic ammonium, and total N of spinach, a factorial experiment was conducted with two factors including pH of nutrient solution in three levels (4.5, 6.5 and 8.0) and nitrate to ammonium ratio of nutrient solution in five levels (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100). This factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications. Three seedlings of spinach plant (Spinacia oleracea L. Sirius cultivar) were cultivated per pot and were nourished with 15 different nutrient solutions. The results showed that while the effect of nutrient solution pH on the shoot concentration of P, nitrate, and organic N + inorganic ammonium was significant, it was not significant on the shoot concentration of total N. By increasing the nutrient solution pH from 4.5 to 8.0, the shoot concentration of P and nitrate was significantly decreased, but the shoot concentration of organic N + inorganic ammonium, and total N did not change significantly. The main effect of nitrate to ammonium ratio of nutrient solution on the shoot concentration of P, nitrate, organic N + inorganic ammonium, and total N of spinach plant was significant. By increasing the ammonium concentration of nutrient solution, the shoot concentration of nitrate was significantly decreased, while the shoot concentration of P, organic N + inorganic ammonium, and total N of spinach plant was significantly increased. The effect of N form of nutrient solution on the shoot concentration and content of P, nitrate, and total N of spinach plant was dependent on the nutrient solution pH and vice versa. The greatest P concentration in spinach shoots was obtained in nitrate to ammonium ratio of 0:100 and pH of 8.0. The greatest spinach shoots nitrate concentration was found in nitrate to ammonium ratio of 100:0 and pH of 8.0, while the greatest concentrations of organic N + inorganic ammonium and total N in spinach were observed in nitrate to ammonium ratio of 25:75 and pH of 6.5.
F. Rakhsh, A., Golchin ,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (8-2012)
Abstract
Appropriate plant nutrition has a great impact on yield and yield quality of crops. To optimize nutrition of broccoli in calcareous soils, poor in organic matter content, a pot experiment was conducted in greenhouse of Zanjan University in 2010. With respect to nitrogen (N) and boron (B) deficiency in calcareous soils and great impact of these elements on yield and quality of broccoli, the effects of different rates of these elements on head yield and head quality of broccoli were assessed. The experiment was factorial, with completely randomized design, and had 15 treatments and three replications. Treatments were factorial combinations of five rates of N (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg/ha from ammonium sulfate source) and three rates of B (0, 1.7 and 3.5 kg/ha from boric acid source) that were applied to Sakura cultivar of broccoli. The results showed that application of N and B up to a specific rate increased head yield and quality of broccoli. Application of 300 kg N/ha + 1.7 kg B/ha resulted in the highest yield of broccoli head, but higher N and B rates decreased head yield due to enhancement of head rot and plant toxicity. The highest concentration of N, potassium and magnesium in broccoli head was measured in treatment with 400 kg N/ha + 1.7 kg B/ha.
H.r. Roosta, N. Rasooli, M.h. Shamshiri,
Volume 3, Issue 3 (11-2012)
Abstract
Due to alkalinity of most soil and water resources in Iran and consequently bicarbonate-induced high pH of plants’ growing medium and different effects of ammonium and nitrate on pH of plant growing medium, research about deleterious effects of factors like alkalinity and interactive effect of nitrogen with bicarbonate on chemical and ecophysiological characteristics of plants seems to be necessary. Thus, an experiment was carried out on snap bean as a factorial trial with completely randomized design and two factors of sodium bicarbonate (0, 1, 5 and 15 mM) and nitrogen form (ammonium and nitrate). The results of this experiment showed that bicarbonate decreased SPAD index and plant pigments in leaves. Proline concentration in ammonium treated plants increased with bicarbonate linearly whereas in nitrate treatment and at 1 mM bicarbonate, it decreased slightly but increased again markedly with elevating of bicarbonate content. In ammonium treatment, the photosynthesis rate, mesophyll efficiency and water use efficiency decreased with bicarbonate, whereas in nitrate treatment, they increased with low and medium concentrations of bicarbonate. It is concluded that in ammonium treatment, bicarbonate decreased photosynthesis efficiency and water utilization in snap bean at all concentrations, whereas, in nitrate-fed plants, bicarbonate at low concentration (1 mM) was suitable, probably due to providing some CO2 or carbon skeleton for nitrogen assimilation in plants.
M. Khalilpour, V. Mozafari ,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (11-2016)
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of different levels of benzyladenine, nitrogen and salinity on growth characteristics of pistachio seedlings, cv. Badami Zarand, a factorial experiment with three factors: benzyladenine (0, 250 and 500 mg/L), nitrogen (0 and 100 mg N/kg soil as NH4NO3) and salinity (0 and 2000 mg NaCl/kg soil) was carried out as completely randomized design with three replications for 24 weeks under greenhouse conditions. Results showed that although salinity significantly decreased dry weight of shoots and roots of the seedlings, but application of 500 mg/L benzyladenine increased dry weight of shoots and roots by 125 and 86 percent, respectively. However, simultaneous application of nitrogen and benzyladenine increased dry weight of shoots and roots more than 3 and 2 folds, respectively. Results also showed that salt stress significantly decreased leaf area and length of root system. But simultaneous application of nitrogen and the highest concentration of benzyladenine increased leaf area and length of root system more than 3 and 2.5 folds, respectively. The results of triple effects also showed that although height, leaf number and stem diameter significantly decreased under saline conditions, but simultaneous application of nitrogen and benzyladenine resulted in more prominent increase of these growth characteristics than individual application of these treatments. Finally, it is concluded that simultaneous application of nitrogen and benzyladenine resulted in more effective reduction of harmful effects of salinity on growth characteristics of pistachio seedlings than application of these treatments alone.
A. Estaji, H. R. Roosta, M. Raghami,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (8-2017)
Abstract
Production of medicinal crops in soilless culture systems and controlled environments provides an opportunity for increasing the quantity and quality of primary materials of medicinal plants. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was carried out with four culture systems (aeroponics, nutrient film technique, classic hydroponics and soil) and three different nitrogen sources (nitrate, ammonium nitrate and ammonium) and three replications. Results indicated that vegetative traits such as plant height, stem and root diameter, number of lateral branches and leaf area were affected by culture system and source of nitrogen. Plants grown in aeroponics fed by ammonium nitrate had the highest plant height and root and stem diameter. The results also showed that nitrogen source and culture system had significant effect on root dry and fresh weight, shoot dry and fresh weight and root yield per hectare. Maximum and minimum of these parameters were observed in plants fed with ammonium nitrate in aeroponics and ammonium in aeroponics system, respectively. According to the results, ammonium nitrate is recommended as the most proper nitrogen source for production of licorice in aeroponics system.
