Showing 5 results for Chemical Fertilizer
H. R Boostani, A. Ronaghi,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (7-2011)
Abstract
Abstract
Addition of sewage sludge (SS) in soil causes increasing soil organic matter, which in turn improves soil physical properties, and could supply part of the nutrients required by plants. For comparison of SS application and chemical fertilizer treatment (CFT) on yield and concentration of some macro and micro nutrients in spinach, a greenhouse factorial experiment, arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD), was conducted with three replications. The first factor included SS levels (0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 gr kg-1) and the second factor was soil textural classes (clay loam, sandy loam and sandy). A CFT was also used to compare its affect with that of SS levels. Results showed that addition of all levels of SS caused significant increase in the weight of spinach shoots in three soil textures. Application of all SS levels caused significant increase of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) concentration in spinach shoots. With SS application, none of the nutrients’ concentration in spinach reached the toxic level. The amounts of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were not detectable in shoots. However, in frequent application of SS, especially at high levels, it is necessary to measure and detect these elements in plants. Effect of fertilizer in increasing yield and concentration of nutrients was less than the 40 and 80 gr kg-1 SS treatments. Considering the Fe and Zn deficiency in calcareous soils, application of SS can be effective for combating this deficiency. Prior to any recommendation of SS application, the results of this research need to be verified under field conditions.
Gh. Sobhani, A. Golchin, F. Shekari,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (10-2014)
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of different levels of nitrogen (N) and salinity on yield and growth indices of tomato, a factorial experiment with a completely randomized design and three replications was performed in greenhouse conditions. Treatments included four levels of salinity (0.5, 2.5, 4.5 and 6.5 dS/m as NaCl) and four levels of N (0, 60, 120 and 240 kg/ha). The results showed that fruit yield, plant height, shoot dry weight and leaf surface area were decreased with an increase in salinity level. The highest and the lowest values for these traits were measured in treatments with 0.5 and 6.5 dS/m salinity level, respectively. But, root dry weight increased with an increase in salinity level. The highest fruit yield and plant height were obtained from the application of 120 kg N /ha, which were not significantly different from those obtained from the application of 240 kg N/ha. The lowest fruit yield and growth indices were measured in treatments not receiving N. The highest fruit yield and plant height were measured in the treatment with salinity level of 0.5 dS/m, receiving 120 kg N/ha. The highest shoot dry weight and leaf surface area were obtained from the treatment with salinity level of 0.5 dS/m, receiving 240 kg N/ha. The lowest plant growth indices were observed in the treatment with salinity level of 6.5 dS/m, not receiving any N. The highest root dry weight was measured in the treatment with salinity level of 6.5 dS/m, receiving 120 kg N/ha. The least root dry weight was obtained in the treatment with salinity level of 0.5 dS/m but not receiving any N. The results of this research showed that in areas with saline irrigation water, application of proper amount of N can alleviate the negative effect of salinity on yield and growth indices of tomato plant. The amount of required N to obtain maximum yield decreases as the level of salinity increases.
F Nasri, N Ghaderi,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (3-2015)
Abstract
Biofertilizers are important sources for plants' supplementing nutrition program, which have significant effect on reduction of costs and adverse effects of mineral fertilizers on the environment. This research was conducted as two different experiments. In experiment 1, effect of biofertilizer (0, 1 and 1.5 L nitroxin/ 500 m2), paclobutrazol (0, 25 and 50 mg/L) with/without pinching, and in experiment 2, effect of biofertilizer (0, 1 and 1.5 L nitroxin per 500 m2) and nitrogen fertilizer (0, 200 and 300 mg/L urea) were studied on some morphophysiological characteristics of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum frutescence). Both experiments were arranged as factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications. In experiment 1, maximum stem height (38.14 cm) was recorded in 1.5 L nitroxin without paclobutrazol and pinching. The 1.5 L nitroxin + 25 mg/L paclobutrazol treatment showed the highest values of number of flowers, fresh and dry weight of shoots, fresh and dry weight of flower and number of shoots. Also, the highest amount of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoides, total soluble carbohydrates and protein content was obtained in this treatment. Plant height, number of flowers and number of shoots were reduced significantly with increasing paclobutrazol concentration from 25 to 50 mg/L. Application of paclobutrazol significantly decreased plant height and increased plant width as compared to pinching. In experiment 2, better growth rate, flowering and physiological characteristics were obtained by application of biofertilizer and urea together, as compared to using them alone. The highest number of shoots and flower per plant, highest values of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, total soluble carbohydrate and protein content were obtained in 1.5 L nitroxin /500 m2 + 200 mg/L urea treatment. Number of flowers was significantly increased by extension of plant width. According to the results of the second experiment, nitroxin biofertilizer could reduce application of mineral nitrogen consumption in Chrysanthemum frutescence
F. Fahimi, M. K. Souri, F. Yaghobi,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (5-2016)
Abstract
Cucumber represents one of the most important fruit vegetables in the world which has an undeniable role in human nutrition and especially vegetarian nutritional diets. Therefore, yield and quality improvement of this crop is very important. This study was carried out during 2014 to evaluate the effects of foliar application of some chemical fertilizers compared to their soil application on greenhouse cucumber growth and development. The experimental design was completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 6 replications. Treatments were control (without fertilizer application), soil application of NPK, soil application of Biomin amino-chelate, foliar application of Biomin amino-chelate, soil application of Humifolin and foliar application of Humifolin. The results of means comparison showed that fertilizer treatments had significant effect on vegetative and reproductive growth of greenhouse cucumber. Soil-applied Humifolin, soil-applied NPK and then soil-applied Biomin treatments resulted in higher chlorophyll index, number of lateral shoots, shoot fresh weight, total fruit yield, fruit dry weight percentage and fruit soluble solids. Foliar application of Biomin in recommended concentration (0.2 %) resulted in leaf chlorosis and reduced plant growth and yield. While, foliar application of Humifolin caused better growth and development of the plants. In general, in this study, soil-applied treatments, especially Biomin amino-chelate, led to better plant performance, as compared to foliar application treatments.
A. Sandoghi, A. Yousefi, A. M. Amini,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (11-2016)
Abstract
In recent decades, due to the negative effects of conventional farming on human health and the environment, the organic farming is taken into consideration in order to produce healthy food materials. The aim of the present study was to assess the greenhouse owners’ knowledge, attitude, and practice with respect to healthy cucumber and tomato production in greenhouse farming systems in Isfahan county, Iran. Required data was collected on a sample of 110 farmers through face-to-face interviews based on a comprehensive structured questionnaire. Behavioral analysis of farmers’ decision making is based on “knowledge, attitude and practice” (KAP) survey using structural equation modeling. Research findings showed that despite the positive attitude of most greenhouse owners toward production of healthy crops, there is no proper use of pesticides and fertilizers in greenhouse farming. Although most farmers believe that overuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers endangers human health and environment, but they don’t adhere to proper usage principles and amount of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Also, small-scale greenhouses, weak farm economy, low literacy level, and lack of adequate awareness, have led to select the least risky and fastest way to combat the pests. Therefore, it is very important to improve greenhouse owners' knowledge in fertilizer selection and pest management, and strengthening the marketing system of healthy products.
