Showing 24 results for Compost
S. Bidaki, V. Chalavi,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Growing media could affect quality and shelf life of strawberry fruits. In the present study, effect of seven growing media including a control medium (50% cocopeat + 50% perlite v/v ), and media supplemented with either 10, 20 and 40% of vermicompost or cattle manure in a completely randomized design with three replications was studied on postharvest quality and shelf life extension of Camarosa strawberry fruits . Freshly picked strawberry fruits were submerged in 1 mM putrescine solution for 5 minutes and after being air-dried at room temperature, were kept in plastic containers at 4 ºC refrigerator. After 15 days, total soluble solids ( TSS), total acidity (TA), TSS/TA ratio, fruit firmness and the percentage of fruit weight loss were determined . The results of analysis of variance showed that growing media had significant effect on fruit firmness, TA, TSS, TSS/TA ratio and percentage of fruit weight loss. The lowest fruit weight loss (16.2%) belonged to 10% cattle manure medium and the highest weight loss (36%) was observed in control medium. The highest fruit TSS content (19.13%) was observed in the growing medium containing 40% vermicompost. Since soilless culture growing media of strawberry are pathogen-free, no fruit was rotted before or after the harvest. Therefore, by using organic fertilizers in growing media, not only there is no need to use chemical fungicides, but also it would be possible to increase postharvest shelf life of strawberry fruits.
A Mohammadi Torkashvand, T Deljooy-E-Tohidi, D Hashemabadi,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (3-2015)
Abstract
The possibility of using some organic wastes as growth media for English daisy, plus some fertilization methods, was investigated in a factorial experiment, based on a completely randomized blocks design with 45 treatments and three replications. The first factor was different growth media and the second factor was three methods of fertilization including without fertilization (control), fertilization as leaf spraying and soil fertilization. In this research, 15 substrates were used by mixing different ratios of municipal-wastes compost, tea-wastes compost, azolla compost and garden soil. The garden soil was a mixture of 60% loam soil, 20% manure, 10% leaf compost and 10% sand (v/v). Results showed that maximum growth was observed in the medium containing garden soil, municipal-wastes compost, azolla compost, each substrate one-third (v/v), and the medium which contained garden soil and municipal-wastes compost in a 1:1 ratio. Azolla compost alone was not suitable for growth of English daisy as significant responses were not obtained in most growth indices. Although the effect of nutrition method was not significant on most growth indices in this experiment, the soil fertilization had better impacts as compared to other methods. Therefore, it seems that combination of garden soil, municipal-wastes compost and azolla compost, along with soil fertilization, is the most suitable substrate for English daisy, which improves the growth of this plant
N Najafi, Sh Mahmoudi, A Reyhanitabar,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (3-2015)
Abstract
Due to low organic matter content in most of the cultivated soils of Iran and occurrence of drought stress in plants because of low precipitation, application of sewage sludge compost has been recommended for increasing soil organic matter content and improving soil fertility, increasing crop tolerance to water deficit and improving crop yield. So, in this study, the effects of soil moisture and sewage sludge compost levels were investigated on leaf chlorophyll index and some growth traits of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in greenhouse conditions. A factorial experiment, based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications, was conducted with two factors of soil moisture conditions at three levels (0.81FC-FC, 0.56FC-0.75FC and 0.35FC-0.50FC) and sewage sludge compost at four levels (0, 15, 30 and 60 g/kg of soil). Results showed that the effect of soil moisture levels on leaf chlorophyll index was dependent on the level of sewage sludge compost. Soil water deficit significantly decreased shoot and root dry weights and plant height (P<0.01). The sensitivity of alfalfa shoot to soil water deficit stress was greater than its root. Application of 15 and 30 g sewage sludge compost per kg of soil significantly increased leaf chlorophyll index, shoot and root dry weights, plant height and shoot to root dry weight ratio (P<0.01). The interaction effects of soil moisture and sewage sludge compost on leaf chlorophyll index, shoot and root dry weights, plant height and shoot to root dry weight ratio were significant (P<0.01). The highest shoot and root dry weights, plant height and shoot to root dry weight ratio were observed at 30 g sewage sludge compost per kg of soil and 0.81FC-FC soil moisture level. Also, the results showed that application of 30 g sewage sludge compost per kg of soil alleviated water deficit-induced adverse effects on alfalfa plant.
Sh. Mahmoudi, N. Najafi, A. Reyhanitabar,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (8-2015)
Abstract
Improvement of plant nutrition is one of the approaches for augmenting the drought stress tolerance in plants. Due to low organic-matter content in most soils in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran, application of organic-wastes’ compost can increase water-holding capacity of the soil and improve plant nutrition. So, in this study, the interactive effects of soil moisture and municipal sewage-sludge compost were investigated on some soil chemical properties and concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in alfalfa (Medicago sativa cv. Garehyounjeh) forage in greenhouse conditions. A factorial experiment, based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications, was conducted with two factors of soil moisture at three levels (0.81FC-FC, 0.56FC-0.75FC and 0.35FC-0.50FC) and sewage sludge compost at four levels (0, 15, 30 and 60 g/kg of soil). The results showed that the main and interactive effects of sewage sludge compost and soil moisture on the concentration of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in alfalfa forage and electrical conductivity (EC), pH and K concentration in soil solution were significant. As soil moisture content decreased, the concentration of N, K, Ca and Mg in alfalfa forage and the EC and K concentration of soil solution significantly increased while the concentration of P in alfalfa forage and pH of soil solution were significantly decreased. In all the studied soil water contents in this experiment, application of 60 g sewage-sludge compost per kg of soil as compared to the 30 g/kg level, significantly decreased alfalfa growth by increasing the salinity of soil solution. Under well-watered and water-deficit stress conditions, application of 30 g sewage-sludge compost per kg of soil improved alfalfa nutrition and its forage quality.
H. Ghorbani, M. Barmaki, Y. Kheirizadeh Arough,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (8-2015)
Abstract
This research was performed to study the effect of direct planting and transplanting of potato minituber on its yield and yield components. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete blocks with nine treatments and three replications. Treatments were one direct and eight indirect planting. In order to prepare the nursery, two types of pots (peat and nylon) and four types of substrates including sand + peat moss (1:1), sand + Kimiya organic fertilizer (1:1), sand + vermicompost (1:1) and sand + farm soil (1:1) were used. Results showed that there was significant difference in regard to mean yield per plant, mean wet weight of tuber, number of tubers smaller and greater than 80 g, percent dry weight of tuber, biologic yield, starch percentage and nitrate content of tubers. The highest mean tuber yield per plant, number of tubers greater than 80 gr and biologic yield belonged to plants in nylon pots with substrate of sand + Kimiya organic fertilizer. The highest percentage of starch and tuber dry matter belonged to plants in peat pots with substrate of sand + soil. The highest mean wet weight of tubers belonged to nylon pots with substrate of sand + peat moss. The highest number of tubers lower than 80 g and the highest nitrate content was obtained by direct planting. The sand+ Kimiya organic fertilizer, which provides the necessary elements for plant growth, with more yield and number of marketable tubers, could be the best substrate as compared to other substrates used in this experiment.
M.h. Rasouli-Sadaghiani, N. Moradi, R. Hamzenejhad,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (1-2016)
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of type and ratio of vermicompost on tomato growth, with five different types of vermicompost (platanus leaves, maple leaves, pruning apple trees and grape, waste of herbal extracts and azolla residues) and four ratios of vermicompost to peat and perlite (2:1 v/v) as 0, 1:3, 2:3 and 3:3, at greenhouse conditions. Results showed that type of vermicompost had a significant effect (P≤ 0.05) on plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, number of internodes and stem diameter. The interaction between type and ratio of vermicompost had significant effect on root and shoot dry weight, stem diameter, nitrogen (N) percent, and potassium (K) percent. The highest effect on shoot dry weight, stem diameter and the N percentage was observed in the ratio of 2:3 vermicompost of azolla residues. The amount of K in the ratio of 2:3 vermicompost of maple leaves increased 66.18% as compared to the control treatment. Also, different ratios of vermicompost increased percentage of phosphorus and concentration of iron and zinc, as compared to peat+ perlite treatment. Generally, different types and ratios of vermicompost compared to peat+ perlite medium had a positive effect on growth indices and mineral concentration in the tomato plant.
F. Mardani, R. Amooaghaie,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (5-2016)
Abstract
The first experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of vermicompost extract (20, 40, 60, 80, 100%) on seed germination and seedling growth of Plantago psyllium. In second experiment, the effect of solid vermicompost with 4 levels (0, 25, 50, 75) on the emergence and subsequent growth of plantlets was investigated. The 20 and 40% increased germination capacity, germination index, and length of root, shoot, vigor index and decreased mean germination time and T50. In second experiment 25% increased emergence energy, emergence rate, emergence index and emergence cofficiennt and decreased mean emergence time. 25% and 50% treatments increased the diameter, length, dry and fresh weight of root and aerial parts and length and width of leaves, and a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid in 3 old months's plant. But high concentrations were decreased these parameters. Thus, the effect of vermicompost on seed germination and subsequent growth of plantlets is dependent on concentration.
N. Dolatiyan, A. L Akzian, A. Fotowat, A. Tehranifar,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (5-2016)
Abstract
Due to the many restrictions on the use of soil and water resources, increasing greenhouse plants’ yield is important. In order to study the effect of humic acid (HA) on some growth and physiological traits of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa var: Selva), an experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement with three replications. The experimental factors included HA type (HA extracted from vermicompost, HA extracted from vermicompost in combination with 10 mg indole acetic acid, and commercial HA), three different concentrations of HA (0, 15 and 30 mg/L) and two methods of HA application (foliar and nutrient solution). The results showed that the highest yield, chlorophyll and total soluble solids was obtained from foliar application of 15 mg/L extracted HA, the highest ion leakage was achieved from foliar application of 30 mg/L extracted HA from vermicompost in combination with 10 mg indole acetic acid, and the highest dry weight of roots was obtained from nutrient solution application of 30 mg/L HA extracted from vermicompost in combination with 10 mg indole acetic acid. In general, 15 mg/L HA, extracted from vermicompost, sprayed as foliar application, was more successful in most studied traits.
B. Kermanizadeh, A. Gholamalizadeh Ahangar, S. K. Sabbagh, A. Sirousmehr,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (8-2016)
Abstract
This research was conducted in order to evaluate the direct effects of organic and biofertilizers on yield of two native wheat cultivars (Bolani and cross-Bolani) in Sistan area. The experiment was performed as a factorial, based on a completely randomized design with three replications, in Research Greenhouse of University of Zabol. In this study, fertilizer factor at 8 levels [Vermicompost (F1), vermicompost + compost (F2), vermicompost + mycorrhiza (F3), vermicompost + mycorrhiza + compost (F4), compost (F5), compost + mycorrhiza (F6), mycorrhiza (F7) and control (no fertilizer application, F8)] and two wheat cultivars [Bolani (C1) and cross-Bolani (C2)] were considered. Results showed that the highest grain yield (1.13 g/pot) was obtained from combination of mycorrhiza and cross-Bolani treatments (F7C2). Combined treatments of compost + mycorrhiza and cross-Bolani (F6C2) and vermicompost + compost and cross-Bolani (F2C2) were more suitable for nitrogen uptake. The highest percentage of protein (10.27%) was resulted from F6C2 and F2C2 treatment. Overall, combined treatments of F6C2 and F2C2 seem appropriate for Bolani and cross-Bolani wheat cultivars.
M. Boroumand, M. A. Bahmanyar,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (11-2016)
Abstract
To investigate the effect of applying different amounts of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) and sewage sludge (SS) on yield and concentration of some heavy metals including nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in organs of green pepper plant, a pot experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications. Treatments included control, 5% MSWC, 10% MSWC, 5% SS, 10% SS, 5% MSWC+ SS, and 10% MSWC+ SS. Results showed that addition of MSWC and SS increased the yield of pepper (fresh and dry weights). The highest amount of fruit fresh weight was in 10% MSWC+ SS treatment and the highest amount of fruit dry weight was in 5% SS treatment, such that this increase was about 3.5 times in fresh weight and about 3 times in dry weight, as compared to the control. The shoot yield showed significant increase in fresh and dry weight, too. Application of these fertilizers increased plant height as compared to control. The highest increase was about 28% in 5% SS, as compared to control. Also, adding MSWC and SS caused significant increase in concentration of heavy metals in fruits, leaves, shoots and roots of pepper plant. Increasing the level of fertilizers caused an increase in concentration of heavy metals in the plants. Concentration of Ni of fruits was maximum in all the treatments, except in control and 5% MSWC, and concentration of Cd exceeded the critical level for human in all the treatments, except in control, 10% MSWC and 5% SS. Calculation of transfer index showed that accumulation of heavy metals in pepper plants is mainly in roots and not in the shoots. Cadmium, with transfer index of 0.52, has more mobility in plants, as compared to Pb (index of 0.44) and Ni (index of 0.14).
R. Kamaei, M. Parsa, M. Jahan Jahan,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (1-2017)
Abstract
Physiological responses of Hairy vetch (Vicia vilosa Roth) to biological, chemical and organic fertilizers were investigated in a completely randomized blocks design with three replicates. Fertilizer treatments consisted of three biological fertilizers and their combinations as well as incorporated with vermicompost and chemical fertilizer, resulting in 6 experimental treatments: 1- Mycorrhizae (Glomus moseae sp., 320 g/m2), 2- Mycorrhizae+ vermicompost (400 g/m2), 3- Mycorrhizae+ Nitroxin (Azospirillum sp. and Azotobacter sp.), 4- Mycorrhizae+ Rhizobium sp., 5- Mycorrhizae+ chemical fertilizer (NPK), and 6- control. Dry matter (DM), crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area index (LAI) and relative growth rate (RGR) were measured. Results showed that the effects of experimental treatments were significant for total DM, RGR, LAI and NAR, and not for RGR. The highest values of DM (83.3 g/m2), CGR (12.18 g/m2.day) and LAI (3.26) were observed in Mycorrhizae+ Rhizobium treatment. Based on the results of this experiment, a combination of Mycorrhizae+ Rhizobium fertilizer is suggested for highest performance of the Vicia vilosa Roth.
S. A. Ghaffari Nejad,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (8-2017)
Abstract
The potential of Jiroft region has resulted in progressive development of greenhouse culture. In sustainable agricultural systems, organic manures have special role in increasing yield and soil fertility. To investigate the quantitative and qualitative responses of greenhouse cucumber to sources and levels of organic manures and their effect on some soil properties in Jiroft region, a factorial experiment was conducted, based on completely randomized blocks design, with four organic manure levels (10, 20, 30 and 40 ton/ha), four organic manure sources (municipal solid waste compost, cattle, poultry, and sheep) and three replications. One month after the start of fruit harvest, leaf sampling was performed and concentration of nutrient elements was analyzed. Soil samples were taken from each plot after the fruit harvest and bulk density, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and concentration of available nutrients were determined. Results showed that concentration of nitrogen, potassium, zinc and copper in leaves was not significantly affected by sources and levels of organic manures. Poultry manure significantly increased leaf-phosphorous concentration compared to other manure sources. The highest concentration of iron was observed in sheep manure and compost treatments and the highest concentration of manganese was observed in compost treatment. Based on the yield results, using 20 ton/ha of poultry manure is recommendable for production of greenhouse cucumber in the Jiroft region.
S. , M. Hosseini Farahi, A. Aboutalebi, M. M. Jowkar,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (8-2017)
Abstract
This research was performed to investigate the effect of different substrates and humic acid on quantitative and qualitative traits of cut Rose (Rosa hybrida cv. Angelina) in soilless culture. A factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The first factor was humic acid (HA) at 4 concentrations (0, 2, 4 and 6 gr/L) and the second factor was six different combinations of substrate (1- Vermicompost + Cocopeat, 2- Vermicompost + Perlite 3- Vermicompost + Zeolite, 4- Zeolite+ Cocopeat, 5- Sawdust + Cocopeat, and 6- Zeolite + Sawdust, as 50:50 ratio). Traits such as stem length and diameter, flower-bud diameter, fresh and dry weights of stem, chlorophyll index, and potassium and phosphorus content were measured. Results showed that application of HA and type of substrate was significantly effective (P<0.01) on all investigated traits. The highest flower stalk (73.63 cm), diameter of flower bud (33.3 mm), stem diameter (6.97 mm), stem fresh weight (48.83 gr), stem dry weight (12.11 gr) and leaf phosphorus content were obtained in the plants cultured in vermicompost+ cocopeat and treated with 6 gr/L HA as compared to other treatments. Therefore, application of 6 gr/L HA and mixture of vermicompost and cocopeat as susbtrate in order to improve the quality of rose cut flower in soilless culture is recommended.
M. Dehghani Tafti, B. Esmaeilpour, S. Chamani, B. Fathi Achacheloei,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (8-2017)
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of spent mushroom compost and grafting on growth and yield of greenhouse tomato cv. Synda, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with 5 replications was carried out in Greenhouse of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2012. Tomato plants as scion, grafted on Synda and rootstocks of Yedi and Kingkong, and none-grafted plants (as control) were transplanted in beds containing different rates of spent mushroom compost (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 percent). The base substrate consisted of two parts field soil and one part sand. At the end of the experiment, number of leaves, plant height, chlorophyll content, leaf area, stomatal conductance, number of days to flowering, number of fruits, average fruit weight and yield were determined. Results indicated that plants grown on beds containing 60% spent mushroom compost had the highest value for traits such as number of leaves, leaf area, plant height and chlorophyll content. Increasing the percentage of spent mushroom compost in the substrate increased number of fruits per plant, but decreased mean weight of fruits. Grafting of Synda tomato plants on Yedi and Kingkong rootstock improved some of the vegetative characteristics. Plant grafted on Kingkong rootstock had higher plant height and leaf area. While, plants grafted on Yedi rootstock had higher leaf dry weight. The highest fruit yield (956.61 and 953. 85 gr per plant) was obtained by self-grafted and 30% spent mushroom compost and plants grafted on Yedi rootstock grown on beds containing 45% spent mushroom compost. In general, using suitable rootstocks and application of spent mushroom compost in the substrate can increase vegetative growth and yield of tomato plants cv. Synda via extending photosynthetic areas of the plants.
N. Nemati, S. Ghasemi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the possibility of using enriched vermicompost with salt-tolerant strains of Streptomyces as a bio-fertilizer in growth and nutrition of cucumber under salinty stress. For this purpose, a pot experiment was set up in a completely randomized factorial design with three replications. Treatments included different salinity levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 mM sodium chloride) and vermicompost (control, unenriched vermicompost and enriched vermicompost with S. rimosus and S. griseus). Results showed that salinity stress caused a significant reduction in the root and shoot dry matter yield, nitrogen, potassium, iron and zinc concentration and potassium: sodium ratio, but increased sodium concentration and cell membrane permeability. Under these conditions, application of vermicompost maintained the structure of cell membranes, improved balance of nutrients and thus reduced the adverse effect of salinity on the plant yield. The effect of vermicomposts enriched with S. griseus and S. rimosus on maintaining root membrane permeability, improving plant nutrition and increasing salt tolerance of plants was more than unenriched vermicompost. So that the highest root and shoot dry weight in salinity of 90 mM NaCl was observed in vermicompost treatment enriched with S. rimosus. According to the results of this study, vermicompost enriched with salt-tolerant strains of Streptomyces, in addition to maintaining the balance of nutrients in saline conditions, improves morphological and physiological characteristics of cucumber plant and thereby can alleviate the damage induced by salinity stress.
A. Habibi, B. Safaie Farahani, R. Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (8-2019)
Abstract
The effect of different compost-soil ratios on the incidence of Pythium aphanidermatum causing tomato damping off was tested in a greenhouse experiment. The inoculum density of 5% was determined to be suitable for inoculation in compost experiments based on investigations of disease incidence with 5, 10 and 20% inoculum densities. To evaluate the effect of compost on incidence of tomato damping off, tomato seeds were sown in compost/soil mixtures at 10, 30 and 50% V:V containing 5% of P. aphanidermatum inoculum. The number of dead tomato seedlings was recorded in two-day intervals and disease incidence was calculated. Results showed that compost/soil mixtures at 30 and 50% ratios significantly suppressed Pythium damping off in tomato seedlings, while 10% compost/soil mixture had no significant effect on disease suppression. This suppression was biologically based since heat-sterilized compost offered little protection from the pathogen. There are antagonistic microorganisms in the composts which are potential biocontrol agents and can be used in bio-pesticides
M Haghighi, M. R. Barzegar,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Organic substrate can increase crop productivity. This experiment aimed to improve the yield and growth parameters of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. ‘Gold flame’) by using three levels of modified Johnson’s nutrient solution (JNS), including full JNS as the control (NSc), 75% JNS (NS1) and 50% JNS (NS2) as well as three types of substrates that were based on three levels of vermicompost: vermicompost:perlite:cocopeat (1:1:1 v/v; V1) as the control, vermicompost:perlite:cocopeat (1:1:2 v/v; V2) and vermicompost:perlite:cocopeat (2:1:1 v/v; V3). Fruit fresh weight (86.18%) and dry weight (43.03%), root dry weight (68.63%) and root volume (43.67%), fruit diameter (12.39%) and yield (59.30%) increased significantly in V3 treatment. The application of vermicompost increased photosynthesis rate, respiration, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations more than Johnson’s nutrient solution. Fruit fresh and dry weights, root fresh and dry weights, root volume, fruit diameter and yield decreased in NS2 and NS1 and application of V3 improves the fresh weight of fruit in NS1. The highest fruit yield was observed in NSc treatment in combination with V3. Photosynthetic rate, and P and K concentrations increased with vermicompost application in all nutrient solution. The N and P concentrations decreased in NS1 and NS2 while respiration was stimulated by V2 and V3 in combination with NS1. The P decreased in NS1 and NS2 but was stimulated by both V2 and V3 treatments. The N level was reduced in NS1 and NS2 but V3 enhanced the level of N when combined with NS1. Overall, plant growth, yield, photosynthesis and nutrient N, P, K concentrations can be increased in sweet pepper by the addition of vermicompost and nutrient solution.
B Tajeddin, A Azizi, G Hosseini,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Factors such as suitable substrate and packaging may increase the shelf life of greenhouse bell pepper. In this study, the greenhouse bell pepper plants grown in the substrates containing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% compost tea in hydroponic culture were packaged in two types of film using the modified atmosphere method. Firmness of fruit texture, total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, vitamin C, and respiration were measured immediately after harvesting and during storage time with three replications. Then, the data obtained from the above tests were analyzed in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement (three factors: substrates containing different amounts of compost tea, type of packing material, and storage time). Although the results showed that characteristics of the bell peppers grown on the substrates containing different amounts of compost tea were significantly different (p<0.05) from the substrate without compost, no significant result was obtained as to which percentage of compost tea had the most impact. With regard to storage time, most of the tested characteristics had a decreasing trend, but still laid within the standard ranges. In terms of the type of film, with a slight difference, nanofilm was superior to polyethylene film. As a conclusion, the bell peppers grown on the substrates containing compost tea and packaged in the nanofilms with the modified atmosphere method had acceptable shelf lifes more than one month.
N Ahmadi, H Fatemi, B Esmaielpour, َa Soltani- Tolarood,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Organic amendments not only promote soil quality but also indirectly facilitate the establishment of bacteria. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of organic substrates and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria inoculation on morphological characteristics of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. Cv Rabicon.) in a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design with four replications. Experimental treatments included organic fertilizers (vermicompost 20% v/v, spent mushroom 10% v/v and soil) and seed priming with promoting growth regulating bacteria (Pseudomonas putida P10, Pseudomonas fluorescence R159 and R150 and non-inoculated). At the end of growth stage, morphological traits (plant height, leaf number, crown diameter, leaf area, root length and volume, shoot fresh and dry weight), photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll a, b, total and carotenoid), vitamin C, phenol, flavonoid and nitrate concentration were measured. The results indicated that the simple effects of substrate and bacterial strains inoculation were significant on traits including plant height, crown diameter, leaf area, root length and volume, shoot dry and fresh weights, chlorophyll a, b, total and carotenoid, vitamin C, phenol and flavonoid. Interaction of both factors had significant effects on leaf area, root length and volume, chlorophyll a and phenol. However, plants treated with vermicompost and Pseudomonas fluorescence R159 had higher values for both fresh and dry weight, phenol content and chlorophyll. Although some traits were higher in plants treated with compost and Pseudomonas putida P10 or vermicompost and Pseudomonas putida P10, but finally it seems that Pseudomonas fluorescence R159 has played a higher role in the final quantity and quality of lettuce.
P. Zarabi, A. Fatemi, M. Safaie Khorram,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2021)
Abstract
Agronomic biofortification is one of the approaches to alleviate zinc deficiency in wheat. In this approach by changing the status of zinc, it could be available to plant. The application of organic fertilizers can stimulate physicochemical properties of soil and nutrition cycling which enhances zinc bioavailability. This study was conducted to evaluate the application of some organic compounds on grain zinc concentration and phytic acid to zinc ratio in wheat grain, biological yield, and grain yield of Rakhshan cultivar. The study was set as a completely randomized design with three replications during 2017-2018 in a greenhouse. The treatments were: control, hard wood biochar, and rice husk biochar with three levels: 0.5, 1, 2.5% (w/w), compost at 2% (w/w), and integrated treatments including compost + hard wood biochar, compost + rice husk biochar, with 1% (w/w) of each one. Results showed a significant effect (p < 0.05) of treatments on grain yield, phytic acid to zinc ratio (p < 0.01), biological yield, and grain zinc concentration. The biological yield and protein content of wheat grain were not significantly different between control and the studied treatments. The phytic acid to zinc ratio of wheat grain was less than 25 for control, as well as for 1% and 2.5% of hard wood biochar, compost, and integrated treatments. Therefore, depending on their availability, the applications of 2.5% hard wood biochar, 2.5% rice husk biochar, 2% compost, or hard wood biochar+compost are recommended as organic fertilizers.
