Z. Ghasemi, A. A. Shahabi,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (8-2010)
Abstract
In order to determine the effects of cadmium on growth, physiological parameters, and nutritional elements’ concentration in tomato organs in a soilless system, an experiment was conducted in greenhouse of Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in 2008 with a complete randomized block design with two treatments and 6 replications. The treatments were nutritional solutions of Hoagland with and without cadmium (20 µM). The measured indices included: RGR, NAR, RLGR, LAR, SLA, LWR, LWCA, length of the stem, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, amount of sugar, photosynthetic pigments, and concentration of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and cadmium in root, stem, leaves and fruit. The results showed that cadmium (20 µM) had significant effects on some measured growth indices. Growth parameters such as RGR, NAR, RLGR, Ls, RDW, RFW, SFW and SDW decreased 13.3, 19.1, 13.3, 18.8, 59.5, 58.7, 53.9 and 65.3%, respectively, and SLA increased 12.2%. But physiological parameters were not significantly affected by cadmium. The Cd concentration in all organs increased except fruit, compared with control which was Cd free. High cadmium concentration had significant effects on concentration of Mn and Cu in the root, Mn and P in the stem and Mn in the leaves. Concentration of Mn increased 5.3 and 87.6% in the leaves and stem, respectively, while it decreased 58.4% in the root. Concentration of P increased 33.3% and Cu increased 2times more in the stem. However, Ca concentration decreased 76.7% in the fruit, compared with the control. In conclusion, it is not recommended to grow tomato in the soils with high Cd concentration (polluted soil) because of its negative effects on tomato growth.
Amir Ghasemzadeh, Salar Jamali, Masoud Esfahani, Hassan Pedramfar,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2017)
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes cause physiological and anatomical disorders in plants. The present study contains the results of an investigation of the effect of Meloidogyne incognita race2 on the growth of roots and aerial organs of tomato under greenhouse conditions. The experiment in a completely randomized design split split plot on two susceptible (Falat Y) and tolerante (Gina VF) tomatoes variety with four nematode population levels, 0 (control), 500, 1000 and 2000 second stage juveniles in four termination times (20, 40, 60 and 80 days after inoculation) and four replications was carried out. The species and race of nematode were determined after sampling and purification. Inoculum densities were obtained by reproduction of pure population on tomato Rutgers cultivar. Nematode population levels were inoculated at four-leaf stage and characteristics were measured at mentioned time. The results showed that increasing nematode populations levels, increased the number of galls, egg sacs and second stage juvenile in both cultivars, which changing were far more in the susceptible variety. But the reproduction factor decreased. Stress of nematodes affected plant morphological traits and growth indices. In high population levels, plant growth characters such as chlorophyll, leaf relative water content, stem diameter, leaf area, plant height, stem dry and fresh weight, root length/root volume, leaf area/ root level, root density and root dry weight/soil volume were decreased. But root fresh and dry weight, root area, root fresh weight/soil volume, root diameter, root volume and root area density were increased.
M. Kamrani Alileh, H. Seyed Hajizadeh, F. Behtash, S. B. Mousavi,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (12-2018)
Abstract
Plants often accumulate cadmium (Cd) in their edible parts that causes a decrease in crop yield and quality. In order to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of potassium (100, 200 and 300 mg/L) in tomatoes under Cd stress (0, 2 and 4 mg/L) and its efficiency in reducing stress effects, a factorial experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design with 3 replications. Results showed that application of Cd significantly increased Cd concentration in fruits. Existence of Cd in nutrient solution significantly decreased fresh and dry weight of fruit, firmness, titratable acidity, and finally yield. Also, the negative effect of Cd stress on fruit titratable acidity and firmness was neutralized by increasing the potassium (K) level. Potassium caused an increase in total soluble solids and color by affecting a* color parameter and fruits had more red color and ripeness. The treatments had no significant effect on fruit pH and pericarp thickness.
H. Seyed Hajizadeh, M. Kamrani Alileh, F. Behtash, S.b. Mousavi,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (2-2021)
Abstract
The presence of cadmium in the soil is a major threat to plant growth and productivity. Plants often accumulate cadmium in their edible part, reducing the yield and quality of the product. In order to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of potassium (100, 200 and 300 mg L-1) under different levels of cadmium (0, 2 and 4 mg L-1) stress in tomatoes and potassium efficiency in reducing stress effects, a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design was carried out with 3 replications. The results showed that with raising the cadmium concentration, malondialdehyde content, hydrogen peroxide content and guaiacol peroxidase activity were increased. The interaction effect of cadmium and potassium on the Fe concentration in the fruits and Zn concentrations in the leaves and fruits of tomatoes was not significant; however, the use of each of them alone had a significant effect; so, potassium consumption increased the concentrations of Fe, Zn and K in the fruits and decreased the malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. The results of greenhouse experiments showed that the use of potassium nitrate fertilizer improved the efficiency of the plant phytoremediation in reducing the cadmium stress, although it is necessary to continue research in the field.
