fa تأثیر قارچ میکوریزا بر رشد و عملکرد فلفل دلمه‌ای (Capsicum annum.L) تحت شرایط تنش خشکی پژوهشي Research <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">تولید گیاهان در شرایط درون شیشه</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">ای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">یکی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">از</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">روش</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">سریع</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">و</span></span></strong> <span style="font-family: times new roman;"><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">ارزان</span></span></strong></span> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">تولید</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">محصولات</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">باغبانی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">است</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">. </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">ولی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">گیاهچه</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">حاصل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">از</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">این</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">روش</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">نسبت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">به</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">سایر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">گیاهان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">حساسیت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">بیشتری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">داشته</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">نیاز</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">به</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">سازگاری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">بیشتری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">با</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">عوام</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">ل اقلیمی دارند. به‌منظور بررسی اثر همزیستی دو گونه قارچ میکوریز بر سازگاری، رشد و عملکرد فلفل دلمه‌ای (</span></span></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Capsicum annum.</span></span></em></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">L</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">) رقم </span></span></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">Inspiration</span></span></span></em></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;"> در شرایط تنش خشکی، دو آزمایش اجرا شد. آزمایش اول، تأثیر تلقیح گیاهچه</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">حاصل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">از</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">کشت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">بافت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">با</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">قارچ</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">میکوریزا</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;"> (</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">گونه</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">های</span></span></strong> <strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">Glomus fasciculatum</span></span></span></em></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;"> و </span></span></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">Glomus intraradicese</span></span></span></em></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">) به</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">صورت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">مایه</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">کوبی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">مورد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">ارزیابی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">قرار</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">گرفت</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">. </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">نتایج</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">نشان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">داد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">که</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">رشد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">گیاهان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">تلقیح</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">نسبت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">به</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شاهد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">بیشتر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">بود</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">. </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">آزمایش</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">دوم،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">گیاهچه</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">تلقیح</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">با</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">قارچ</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">میکوریزا</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شاهد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">معرض</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">سه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">سطح</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">تنش</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">خشکی</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;"> (100</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">،</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;"> 75 </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">و</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;"> 50 </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">درصد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">رطوبت</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;"> ظرفیت مزرعه) قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش تنش خشکی، تعداد انشعابات، سطح برگ، میزان کلروفیل، هدایت روزنه</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">ای،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">درصد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">کلونیزاسیون</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">میزان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">فسفر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">کاهش</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">مقادیر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">پتاسیم</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">تجمع</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">پرولین</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">برگ</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">افزایش</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">یافت</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">. </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">تلقیح</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">با</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">قارچ</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">میکوریز</span></span></strong> <strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">G . intraradicese</span></span></span></em></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;"> تعداد برگ، کلروفیل و وزن تر و خشک میوه را در شرایط تنش خشکی افزایش و میزان پرولین را کاهش داد. به‌طور کلی، نتایج این پژوهش، همزیستی با قارچ میکوریز در شرایط آبیاری 75‌% نیاز آبی گیاه را برای دستیابی به عملکرد مناسب و صرفه</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">جویی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">آب</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">مصرفی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">تولید</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">گیاه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">فلفل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">دلمه‌ای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">مناسب</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;"> دانست.</span></span></strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">In vitro production is one of the fast and low-cost methods for mass propagation of horticultural crops. But, <em>in</em> <em>vitro</em> plantlets are more sensitive than others and need more adaptation against climatological factors. In order to investigate the symbiosis effects of two species of mycorrhizal fungi on growth and yield of sweet pepper (<em>Capsicum annum </em>L.) cv Inspiration, under drought-stress conditions, two separate experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, effects of <em>in vitro</em> inoculation of plantlets of sweet pepper with two species of arbuscular mycorrhiza (<em>G. fasciculatum</em> and <em>G</em>. <em>intraradicese</em>) were evaluated. Results indicated that growth of mycorrhizal-inoculated plantlets were higher than THAT OF HTE control plants. In the second experiment, mycorrhizal-inoculated and non-inoculated sweet pepper plantlets were subjected to three drought-stress levels (100, 75 and 50% of field capacity moisture content). Results indicated that by increasing the drought stress, number of branches, leaf area, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, colonization percent and phosphorus content were decreased and potassium and proline content of leaves were increased. Inoculation with<em> G</em>. <em>intraradicese</em> mycorrhiza fungi increased number of leaves, chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight of fruit and reduced proline content. In general, according to the results of this experiment, symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi in 75% of irrigation water requirement is appropriate to achieve an acceptable yield, as well as saving water, in cultivation of sweet pepper plant.</p> پرولین, عملکرد, فسفر, کلروفیل, هدایت روزنه‌ای Proline, Yield, Phosphorous, Chlorophyll, Stomatal conductance. 39 53 http://jspi.iut.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1028-5&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 m. enjili مژگان انجیلی Yes Dept. of Hort., Univ. of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. گروه باغبانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل B. Esmaielpour بهروز اسماعیل پور behsmaiel@yahoo.com No Dept. of Hort., Univ. of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. گروه باغبانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل H. Fatemi حمیده فاطمی No Dept. of Hort., Univ. of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. گروه باغبانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل p. jalilvand پریسا جلیل وند No Dept. of Hort., Univ. of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. گروه باغبانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل