fa تأثیر ورمی‌کمپوست غنی شده با سویه‌های متحمل به شوری استرپتومایسس بر رشد و تغذیه خیار تحت تنش شوری پژوهشي Research <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">این پژوهش با هدف بررسی امکان استفاده از ورمی‌کمپوست غنی شد</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">ه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">با</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">سویه‌های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">متحمل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">به</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شوری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">استرپتومایسس</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">به‌عنوان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">کود</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">بیولوژیک</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">رشد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">تغذیه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">خیار</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شرایط</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شور</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">انجام</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شد</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">. </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">برای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">این</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">منظور،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">آزمایش</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">گلدانی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">قالب</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">طرح</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">کاملاً</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">تصادفی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">به‌صورت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">فاکتوریل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">با</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">سه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">تکرار</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">انجام</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شد</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">. </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">تیمارها</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شامل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">سطوح</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">مختلف</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شوری</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;"> (</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">صفر،</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;"> 30</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">،</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;"> 60 </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">و</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;"> 90 میلی‌مولار </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">کلرید</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">سدیم</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">) </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">نوع</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">ورمی‌کمپوست</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;"> (</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شاهد،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">ورمی‌کمپوست</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">غنی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">نشده،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">ورمی‌کمپوست</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">غنی شده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">با</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">استرپتومایسس</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">ریموسوس</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;"> (</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">S. <em>rimosus</em></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">) و استرپتومایسس گریزئوس (</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">S. <em>griseus</em></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">)) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش شوری باعث کاهش معنی‌دار </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">عملکرد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">ریشه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شاخساره،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">غلظت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">نیتروژن،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">پت</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">اسیم، آهن و روی و نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم شاخساره خیار شد؛ اما غلظت سدیم و نفوذپذیری غشای ریشه افزایش یافت. در این شرایط، استفاده از ورمی‌کمپوست </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">موجب</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">حفظ</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">ساختار</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">غشای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">سلولی،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">بهبود</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">تعادل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">عناصر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">غذایی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">نتیجه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">کاهش</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">اثر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">منفی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شوری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">بر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">عملکرد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">گیاه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شد</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">. </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">تأثیر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">ورمی‌کمپوست</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">غنی شده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">با</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">استرپتومایسس‌های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">ریموسوس</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">گریزئوس</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">بر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">حفظ</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">نفوذپذیری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">غشای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">ریشه،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">بهبود</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">تغذیه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">گیاه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">افزایش</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">تحمل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">به</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شوری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">گیاه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">بیشتر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">از</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">ورمی‌کمپوست</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">غنی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">نشده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">بود</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">، </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">به‌طوری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">که</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">بیشترین</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">وزن</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">خشک</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">ریشه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شاخساره</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شوری</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;"> 90 </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">میلی‌مولار</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">کلرید</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">سدیم،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">تیمار</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">ورمی‌کمپوست</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;"> غنی شد</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">ه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">با</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">استرپتومایسس</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">ریموسوس،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">مقایسه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">با</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">سایر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">تیمارها،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">مشاهده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شد</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">. </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">براساس</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">نتایج</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">این</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">مطالعه،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">ورمی‌کمپوست</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">غنی</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: sakkal majalla;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">سازی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">با</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">سویه‌های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">متحمل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">به</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شوری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">استرپتومایسس،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">علاوه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">بر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">حفظ</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">تعادل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">عناصر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">غذایی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شرایط</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شور،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">باعث</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">بهبود</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">خصوصیات</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">مورفولوژیک</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">فیزیولوژیک</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">گ</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">یاه خیار شده و از این طریق می‌توان</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">د</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">به</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">کاهش</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">خسارت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">ناشی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">از</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">تنش</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">شوری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">کمک</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">کن</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: b lotus;">د. </span></span></strong></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">This study was aimed to evaluate the possibility of using enriched vermicompost with salt-tolerant strains of Streptomyces as a bio-fertilizer in growth and nutrition of cucumber under salinty stress. For this purpose, a pot experiment was set up in a completely randomized factorial design with three replications. Treatments included different salinity levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 mM sodium chloride) and vermicompost (control, unenriched vermicompost and enriched vermicompost with S. rimosus and S. griseus). Results showed that salinity stress caused a significant reduction in the root and shoot dry matter yield, nitrogen, potassium, iron and zinc concentration and potassium: sodium ratio, but increased sodium concentration and cell membrane permeability. Under these conditions, application of vermicompost maintained the structure of cell membranes, improved balance of nutrients and thus reduced the adverse effect of salinity on the plant yield. The effect of vermicomposts enriched with S. griseus and S. rimosus on maintaining root membrane permeability, improving plant nutrition and increasing salt tolerance of plants was more than unenriched vermicompost. So that the highest root and shoot dry weight in salinity of 90 mM NaCl was observed in vermicompost treatment enriched with S. rimosus. According to the results of this study, vermicompost enriched with salt-tolerant strains of Streptomyces, in addition to maintaining the balance of nutrients in saline conditions, improves morphological and physiological characteristics of cucumber plant and thereby can alleviate the damage induced by salinity stress.</p> ورمی‌کمپوست, استرپتومایسس, غنی‌سازی, تنش شوری, رشد خیار Vermicompost, Streptomyces, Enrichment, Salinity stress, Cucumber growth 81 94 http://jspi.iut.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-628-3&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 N. Nemati نیره نعمتی No Dept. of Soil Sci., Faculty of Nat. Resour. and Agric., Yazd Univ., Yazd, Iran گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و کشاورزی، دانشگاه یزد S. Ghasemi سمیه قاسمی s.ghasemi@yazd.ac.ir Yes Dept. of Soil Sci., Faculty of Nat. Resour. and Agric., Yazd Univ., Yazd, Iran گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و کشاورزی، دانشگاه یزد