Soil and Plant Interactions روابط خاک و گیاه Journal of Soil and Plant Interactions http://jspi.iut.ac.ir 18 agent2 2783-5014 2783-5286 fa jalali 1399 5 1 gregorian 2020 8 1 11 2 online 1 fulltext
fa بررسی شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیک و مورفولوژیک ریحان و گوجه‌فرنگی تحت تأثیر کشت مخلوط و کم‌آبیاری در شرایط گلخانه‌ای Evaluation of Some Physiological and Morphological Characteristics of Basil and Tomato Under Intercropping and Deficit Irrigation in Greenhouse Conditions كاربردي Applicable <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کشت مخلوط در مقایسه با کشت خالص می</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Sakkal Majalla;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">‌</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تواند</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> پایداری عملکرد را افزایش دهد. کم</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">&shy;</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آب</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یاری به‌عنوان یک عامل محدودکننده رشد، شاخص</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Sakkal Majalla;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">‌</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">عملکرد</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ی گیاهان را تحت تأثیر قرار می</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Sakkal Majalla;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">‌</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دهد</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. بر این اساس این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر نوع کشت: کشت خالص گوجه</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Sakkal Majalla;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">‌</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فرنگ</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ی (</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">T</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">)، کشت خالص ریحان (</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">B</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">) و کشت مخلوط این دو (50</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">T:</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">50</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">B</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">)، و سطوح مختلف رطوبتی شامل چهار دوره زمانی آبیاری بر اساس گنجایش مزرعه‌ای خاک (</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">FC</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">): آبیاری بدون تنش آبی در ناحیه ریشه </span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">FC</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">1</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">-</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">85/0</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> و سطوح تنش </span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">FC</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">85/0</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">-</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">7/0، </span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">FC</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">7/0</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">-</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">5/0</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">FC</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">5/0</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">-</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">3/0</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با دو فاکتور و جمعاً 12 تیمار در سه تکرار انجام گرفت. صفات شامل شاخص سبزینگی، هدایت روزنه</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Sakkal Majalla;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">‌</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ا</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ی، شاخص سطح برگ، دما و وزن تازه و خشک بوته اندازه</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Sakkal Majalla;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">‌</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گ</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یری شد. بیشترین وزن تازه و خشک بخش هوایی بوته گوجه‌فرنگی در تیمار</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">FC</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">85/0</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">&ndash;</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">7/0</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> و کشت مخلوط (73/349 و 42/69 گرم در بوته) و کمترین آن</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سطح</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رطو</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بتی</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">FC</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">5/0</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">-</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">3/0</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و کشت خالص (66/204 و 42/40 گرم در بوته) حاصل شد. شاخص سطح برگ گوجه‌فرنگی تا سطح رطوبتی</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">FC</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">7/0</span></span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">-</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">5/0</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کاهش معنی</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Sakkal Majalla;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">‌</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دار</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ی نداشت. برای ریحان بیشترین وزن تازه و خشک بوته (71/91 و 39/16 گرم در بوته) و شاخص سطح برگ (99/1845 سانتی</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Sakkal Majalla;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">‌</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">متر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مربع در بوته</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">) </span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کشت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خالص</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">‌</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ترت</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یب در سطح بدون تنش و</span></span></span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">FC</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">85/0</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">-</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">7/0</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به‌دست آمد. گوجه</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Sakkal Majalla;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">‌</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فرنگ</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ی در رقابت برون</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گونه</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Sakkal Majalla;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">‌</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ا</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ی نسبت به ریحان غالبیت داشت و عملکرد ریحان را به‌صورت چشم</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گ</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یری تحت تأثیر قرارداد. در نهایت بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش کشت مخلوط ریحان و گوجه</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Sakkal Majalla;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">‌</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فرنگ</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ی تا سطح رطوبتی 50 درصد گنجایش مزرعه‌ای منجر به کاهش هدررفت آب و افزایش عملکرد میوه مجموع دو گیاه با توجه به آب مصرفی شده است.</span></span></span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Intercropping in compared to monoculture can increase yield sustainability<span dir="RTL">.</span> Deficit irrigation as a limiting factor for growth, affects the plant&#39;s yield characteristics. Therefore, The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cultivation type: monoculture tomato (T), monoculture basil (B) and intercropping (50T:50B), and different moisture levels including four irrigation periods based on soil field capacity (FC): irrigation without water stress in the root zone 0.85‒1FC, and deficit irrigation levels of 0.7‒0.85FC, 0.5‒0.7FC and 0.3‒0.5FC, with a factorial arrangement (with two factors) in a completely randomized design and a total of 12 treatments in three replications. Plant characteristics including greenness index, stomatal conductance, leaf area index, leaf temperature and fresh and dry weights were measured. Based on the results, the highest fresh and dry weights of aerial part of the tomato were obtained in 0.7‒0.85FC treatment with intercropping (349.73 and 69.42 g per plant) and their lowest values were obtained in the irrigation level 0.3‒0.5FC with monoculture (204.66 and 40.42 g per plant). Tomato leaf area index was not significantly decreased up to water stress level of 0.5‒0.7FC. For basil, the highest fresh and dry weights of the plant (91.71 and 16.39 g per plant) and leaf area index (1845.99 cm<sup>2</sup> per plant) were obtained in monoculture, and at non-stress level and 0.7‒0.85FC, respectively. Tomato was dominant in intra-specific competition with basil and significantly influenced basil yield. Finally, according to the results of this study intercropping of basil and tomato and water level up to 50% of field capacity resulted in reduction of water loss and increased fruit yield of two plants by considering consumed water.</div> تنش رطوبتی, کشت خالص, عملکرد, شاخص سبزینگی, هدایت روزنه‌ای Moisture stress, Monoculture, Yield, Greenness index, Stomatal conductance 77 92 http://jspi.iut.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1890-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Y salehi یاسین صالحی yasin90salehi@gmail.com Yes Dept. of Soil Sci., Faculty of Agric., Univ. of Zanjan, Iran گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان D Zarehaghi داود زارع حقی davoudhaghi@tabrizu.ac.ir No Dept. of Soil Sci., Faculty of Agric., Univ. of Tabriz, Iran گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز M. R Neyshabouri محمد رضا نیشابوری neyshmr@hotmail.com No Dept. of Soil Sci., Faculty of Agric., Univ. of Tabriz, Iran گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز A Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab عادل دباغ محمدی نسب adeldabb@yahoo.com No Dept. of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agric., Univ. of Tabriz, Iran گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز