Soil and Plant Interactions

fa تأثیر شوری بر وضعیت آب برگ، غلظت پرولین، کل قندهای محلول و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی گیاه ارزن پادزهری Effect of salinity on leaf water status, proline and total soluble sugar concentrations and activity of antioxidant enzymes in blue panic grass پژوهشي Research <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">مطالعه تغییرات فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی در شرایط تنش، راهکار مناسبی جهت بررسی جنبه‌های وراثتی تحمل به تنش فراهم می‌آورد. در این مطالعه، تغییرات وضعیت آب، تنظیم‌کننده‌های اسمزی و فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتی‌اکسیدان بافت برگ گیاه ارزن پادزهری (Panicum antidotale Retz<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">)تحت تنش شوری در شرایط گلخانه طی پنج هفته متوالی ارزیابی شد. اعمال تیمارهای شوری آب آبیاری (صفر (شاهد)، 70، 140، 210 و 280 میلی‌مولار NaCl<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">) در مرحله چهار برگی گیاهچه‌ها آغاز شد. نتایج نشان داد که اختلاف بین بیشترین محتوای نسبی آب برگ در تیمار غیر شور در مقایسه با کمترین مقدار در تیمار 280 میلی‌مولار شوری به‌ترتیب 67/8، 31، 25، 28 و 27 درصد در هفتههای اول تا پنجم بود. پتانسیل اسمزی آب برگ در تیمارهای مختلف شوری با گذشت زمان روندی کاهشی نشان داد و از 717/0- مگاپاسکال در هفته اول به 26/1- مگاپاسکال در هفته پنجم پس از اعمال تنش رسید. مقدار کل کربوهیدرات‌های محلول برگ نیز با شوری کاهش یافت. در 28 روز پس از اعمال تنش، فعالیت اسکوربات پراکسیداز در تیمار غیر شور 40% بیشتر از تیمار 280 میلی‌مولار بود؛ هر چند بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم اسکوربات پراکسیداز به تیمار 70 میلی‌مولار شوری تعلق داشت. محتوای نسبی آب برگ (**<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">62/0=r<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">) و پایداری غشا (**<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">52/0=r<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">) بیشترین همبستگی مثبت را با تولید ماده خشک گیاه ارزن پادزهری داشتند. هم‌چنین، افزایش فعالیت مهار رادیکال DPPH<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA"> (**<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">61/0-=r<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">) و فنول کل (**<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">69/0-=r<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">) در تولید ماده خشک و تحمل شرایط شور نقش مؤثری داشتند. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">روش رگرسیون گام به گام نشان داد که غلظت کل فنول (722/0- = β<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">) و مقدار پرولین بخش هوایی (265/0- = β<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">) از مؤلفه‌های اصلی تحمل به شوری در گیاه ارزن پادزهری محسوب میشوند. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" BACKGROUND: white FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA">Evaluation of certain biochemical and physiological changes under stress can provide an appropriate approach for the study of hereditary factors influencing salt stress tolerance. In this <span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN">greenhouse<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" BACKGROUND: white FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA"> study, the changes in water status, osmotic<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" BACKGROUND: white FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA">regulators and activity of antioxidant enzymes in leaf tissue of <span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN">panic blue grass <span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA">(<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN">Panicum antidotale<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN"> Retz) exposed to salinity were evaluated<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN">over five consecutive weeks. Five levels of salinity (0<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA">, 70, 140, 210 <span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN">and 280<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN">mM<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN">NaCl) were applied at<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN">the 4<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA">-leaf <span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN">stage. Results showed that <span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA">the highest <span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN">leaf relative water content (RWC) in non-saline (control) treatment, as compared with the lowest RWC in 280 mM salinity treatment, was 8.67, 31, 25, 28 and 27% in the 1st to the 5th wee, respectively. Average<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN"> leaf osmotic potential showed a decreasing trend in different salinity treatments over time<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN">and was reduced from -0.717 MP in the first week to -1.26 MP in the 5th week after exposure to salinity. Total soluble<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN"> carbohydrates content of the leaves was reduced with increasing the salinity level. After 28 days of exposure to salinity, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase enzyme in non-saline treatment was 40% more than the 280 mM treatment although the highest activity of ascorbate peroxidase enzyme was observed in the 70 mM treatment. Leaf RWC (r=0.62**) and membrane stability index (r=0.52**) had the most positive correlation with dry matter production of blue panic grass. In addition, increasing the DPPH radical scavenging activity (r=-0.61**) and total phenol concentration (r=-0.69**) had effective role in survival of this salt-tolerant plant. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA">The data analysis, using stepwise regression, indicated that <span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN">total<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN"> phenol concentration (<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA">β= -0.722<span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA" lang="EN">) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" FONT-SIZE: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: FA">and leaf proline concentration (β= -0.265) were the main components of salinity tolerance of blue panic grass. پتانسیل اسمزی برگ, آسکوربات پراکسیداز, پایداری غشای سلول, فعالیت مهار رادیکال DPPH Leaf osmotic potential, Ascorbate peroxidase, Cell membrane stability, DPPH radical scavenging activity 11 25 http://jspi.iut.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-3&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 H. R. Eshghizadeh حمیدرضا عشقی‌زاده hr.eshghizadeh@cc.iut.ac.ir Yes Isfahan Univ. of Technol دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان M. Kafi محمد کافی No Ferdowsi Univ., Mashhad, Iran دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد A. Nezami احمد نظامی No Ferdowsi Univ., Mashhad, Iran دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد A. H. Khoshgoftarmanesh امیرحسین خوشگفتارمنش No Isfahan Univ. of Technol., Isfahan, Iran دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان