fa امکان استفاده از برگ خشک کاج، ضایعات لاستیک، میکا و پوسته شلتوک به عنوان بستر کاشت گوجه‌فرنگی در سیستم کشت بدون خاک پژوهشي Research <p align="right"><strong><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">در این پژوهش، امکان استفاده از مخلوط برگ خشک کاج</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman Bold","serif" FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman Bold","serif" FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US">Pi</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>)،­ ضایعات لاستیک</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman Bold","serif" FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman Bold","serif" FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US">TR</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>) و پوسته شلتوک</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman Bold","serif" FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman Bold","serif" FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US">Ri</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>) به عنوان بستر کاشت گوجه­فرنگی در</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman Bold","serif" FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">سیستم کشت بدون خاک بررسی شد. بذرهای گوجه­فرنگی در ماسه سترون کشت شده و پس از یک ماه، بوته</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman Bold","serif" FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US">­</span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">ها به بسترهای کشت شامل برگ خشک کاج- پرلیت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman Bold","serif" FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman Bold","serif" FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US">Pi:Pe</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>)، برگ خشک کاج- ضایعات لاستیک <citation w:st="on">(<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman Bold","serif" FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt" dir="ltr">Pi:TR</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span>)</citation>، کوکوپیت-</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman Bold","serif" FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">پرلیت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman Bold","serif" FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><citation w:st="on"><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman Bold","serif" FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US">Co:Pe</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>)</span></citation><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl">، پرلیت- میکا</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman Bold","serif" FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><citation w:st="on"><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman Bold","serif" FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US">Pe:Mi</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>)</span></citation><span lang="FA" style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-no-proof: yes mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman Bold' mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US" dir="rtl"> و پوسته شلتوک- پرلیت <citation w:st="on">(<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman Bold","serif" FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt" dir="ltr">Ri:Pe</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span>)</citation> هر کدام با نسبت­های 50:50 و 75:25 انتقال داده شدند. پس از دو ماه، بوته­های کشت شده در بسترهای برگ خشک کاج- پرلیت و برگ خشک کاج- ضایعات لاستیک در شروع دوره رشد زایشی و بوته­های کشت شده در بسترهای کوکوپیت- پرلیت، پرلیت- میکا و پوسته شلتوک- پرلیت طی دوره رشد زایشی برداشت شده و ارتفاع بوته، وزن خشک ریشه و شاخساره گیاه، غلظت پتاسیم، فسفر و روی ریشه و شاخساره و عملکرد میوه اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که ارتفاع بوته و رشد ریشه و شاخساره در بسترهای برگ خشک­ کاج- پرلیت و برگ خشک کاج- ضایعات لاستیک در هر دو نسبت 50:50 و 75:25 به طور معنی‌داری کمتر از بسترهای حاوی کوکوپیت- پرلیت بود. غلظت روی گیاه در بستر برگ خشک کاج- ضایعات لاستیک با نسبت اختلاط 50:50 به­طور معنی­داری بیشتر از سایر تیمارها بود. بر اساس نتایج، مخلوط برگ خشک کاج- ضایعات لاستیک به عنوان بستر کاشت در کشت بدون خاک گوجه­فرنگی دارای محدودیت­هایی، از جمله عدم توانایی در نگهداری آب و عناصر غذایی و همچنین ایجاد سمیت روی آزاد شده از ضایعات لاستیک، برای گیاه می­باشد. بنابراین، بدون به­کارگیری تیمارهای اصلاحی ویژه نمی­توان از مخلوط برگ خشک کاج و ضایعات لاستیک به عنوان بستر کشت در سیستم کشت بدون خاک استفاده نمود</span></strong></p> In this research, the possibility of using dried leaves of pine (Pi), tire-rubber wastes (TR) and rice hull (Ri) as tomato growth media in soilless culture system was investigated. Tomato seeds were grown in sterilized sand and after one month, the seedlings were transplanted to various growth media including dried leaves of pine- perlite (Pi:Pe), dried leaves of pine- rubber wastes (Pi:TR), cocopeat- perlite (Co:Pe), perlite- mica (Pe:Mi) and rice hull- perlite (Ri:Pe), each one at two ratios of 50:50 and 75:25. After two months, at the beginning of reproductive stage, tomato plants grown at Pi:Pe and Pi-TR were harvested. Tomato plants in the Co-Pe, Pe:Mi and Ri:Pe treatments were harvested during the reproductive stage. Plant height, root and shoot dry matter, concentration of K, P, and Zn in roots and shoots and fruit yield were measured. Results showed that plant height and root and shoot growth of Pi:Pe and Pi:TR media were significantly less than Co:Pe medium, at both 50:50 and 75:25 ratios. Zn concentration was greater in the Pi:TR medium with 50:50 ratio as compared to other treatments. According to the results, a combination of dried pine leaves and tire rubber wastes as growth media in soilless culture system of tomato had significant limitations such as low ability for retaining water and nutrients and toxicity of Zn released from tire rubber wastes. Therefore, it wouldn't be possible to use a combination of dried pine leaves and tire rubber wastes as growth media in soilless culture system without performing special chemical treatments on them. بستر فعال شیمیایی, بستر خنثی, طرفیت نگهداری آب Chemically active substrate, Inert substrate, Water holding capacity 17 29 http://jspi.iut.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-31&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 A Hatami اشکان حاتمی ashkanhatami2000@yahoo.com Yes . Soilless Culture Research Center, Isfahan Univ. of Technol., Isfahan, Iran مرکز پژوهشی کشت بدون خاک، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان A.H Khoshgoftarmanesh امیر حسین خوشگفتارمنش No Dept. of Soil Sci., College of Agric., Isfahan Univ. of Technol., Isfahan, Iran گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان B Daneshbakhsh بهاره دانش بخش No . Soilless Culture Research Center, Isfahan Univ. of Technol., Isfahan, Iran مرکز پژوهشی کشت بدون خاک، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان