Journal of Soil and Plant Interactions
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Islamic Azad University
Abstract: (19 Views)
Abstract: The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of arginine, ornithine and proline (0, 50, and 100 mg/l) on growth and flowering indices of marigold (Tagetes erecta) under water stress (control (no stress), 70% and 30% field capacity). The experiment was conducted using a factorial based on a completely random statistical design with three repetitions. Water stress treatment was applied at the 6-8 leaf stage, and amino acid spraying was performed in two stages. The first spray was applied at the 6-leaf stage, and the next stage was applied two weeks after the first spraying. Results showed the highest fresh and dry weight of aerial parts, flower number, protein content, and flower longevity on the plant in the 100% FC + 100 mg/l ornithine. The highest fresh and dry weight of roots, longest root length, and activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes were observed in the 100% FC + 100 mg/l proline. The highest plant height, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content were associated with the 100% FC + 100 mg/l arginine. Furthermore, the 30% FC treatment exhibited the highest cell membrane ion leakage and proline content. Therefore, based on these results, foliar application of 100 mg/l arginine, ornithine and proline amino acids can effectively mitigate the negative effects of water stress in marigold.
Keywords: Arginine, Carotenoid, Drought, Ornithine, Proline
Background and Objective: Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) is an annual plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, cultivated in green spaces due to its diverse and attractive floral morphology (Jafari and Daneshvar, 2017). This plant also holds high industrial and medicinal importance (Gopi et al., 2012).
Water deficiency is one of the most fundamental environmental factors limiting agricultural production, affecting the growth, development, and yield of plants. Drought stress reduces photosynthetic capacity by decreasing the synthesis of ribulose bisphosphate enzyme and reducing Rubisco activity and influences plant growth by altering protein synthesis patterns and enzyme activities (Shafiei et al., 2019).
One approach to enhance plant resistance to environmental stresses is through exogenous amino acid application. Under stress, the plant’s internal amino acid metabolism is often disrupted, and external supplementation can help restore physiological balance (Rezasefat et al., 2020).
Given the beneficial effects of amino acids in alleviating environmental stresses, this study aimed to examine the influence of arginine, ornithine, and proline on the growth and biochemical characteristics of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) under water deficit conditions.
Methods: To investigate the effect of amino acids on the growth and flowering of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) under water deficit stress, an experiment was conducted using a factorial based on a completely random statistical design with three repetitions in a greenhouse. The experimental treatments included water deficit stress (control (no stress), 70 and 30 % of field capacity) and foliar application of arginine, ornithine, and proline (zero, 50, and 100 mg/l), and their interaction. Plants were irrigated until the 4-6 leaf stage. After this stage, the water deficit stress treatment was applied.
Foliar application of amino acids was performed in two stages. The first foliar application was at the 6-leaf stage, and the next application was two weeks after the first stage. Also, the control plants were sprayed with distilled water. Then, two weeks after the last foliar application, sampling was performed. The fresh and dry weight of aerial parts and root, longest root length, plant height, flower number, cell membrane ion leakage, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein and proline content and activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes and flower longevity on the plant were evaluated.
Results: Results showed the highest fresh and dry weight of aerial parts (59.32-11.68 g), flower number (9.33), protein content (58.62 µg/mg FW), and flower longevity on the plant (18.33 days) in the 100% FC + 100 mg/l ornithine. The highest fresh and dry weight of roots (20.16-5.12 g), longest root length (39.34 cm), and activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes (5.73, 3.62, 18.45 unit enzyme/g FW) were observed in the 100% FC + 100 mg/l proline. The highest plant height (39.42 cm), total chlorophyll (7.69 mg/g FW) and carotenoid (5.36 mg/g FW) content were associated with the 100% FC + 100 mg/l arginine. Furthermore, the 30% FC treatment exhibited the highest cell membrane ion leakage (27.43%) and proline (4.85 mg/g FW) content.
Conclusions: foliar application of 100 mg/l arginine, ornithine and proline amino acids can effectively mitigate the negative effects of water stress in marigold.
Keywords: Arginine, Carotenoid, Drought, Ornithine, Proline
Background and Objective: Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) is an annual plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, cultivated in green spaces due to its diverse and attractive floral morphology (Jafari and Daneshvar, 2017). This plant also holds high industrial and medicinal importance (Gopi et al., 2012).
Water deficiency is one of the most fundamental environmental factors limiting agricultural production, affecting the growth, development, and yield of plants. Drought stress reduces photosynthetic capacity by decreasing the synthesis of ribulose bisphosphate enzyme and reducing Rubisco activity and influences plant growth by altering protein synthesis patterns and enzyme activities (Shafiei et al., 2019).
One approach to enhance plant resistance to environmental stresses is through exogenous amino acid application. Under stress, the plant’s internal amino acid metabolism is often disrupted, and external supplementation can help restore physiological balance (Rezasefat et al., 2020).
Given the beneficial effects of amino acids in alleviating environmental stresses, this study aimed to examine the influence of arginine, ornithine, and proline on the growth and biochemical characteristics of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) under water deficit conditions.
Methods: To investigate the effect of amino acids on the growth and flowering of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) under water deficit stress, an experiment was conducted using a factorial based on a completely random statistical design with three repetitions in a greenhouse. The experimental treatments included water deficit stress (control (no stress), 70 and 30 % of field capacity) and foliar application of arginine, ornithine, and proline (zero, 50, and 100 mg/l), and their interaction. Plants were irrigated until the 4-6 leaf stage. After this stage, the water deficit stress treatment was applied.
Foliar application of amino acids was performed in two stages. The first foliar application was at the 6-leaf stage, and the next application was two weeks after the first stage. Also, the control plants were sprayed with distilled water. Then, two weeks after the last foliar application, sampling was performed. The fresh and dry weight of aerial parts and root, longest root length, plant height, flower number, cell membrane ion leakage, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein and proline content and activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes and flower longevity on the plant were evaluated.
Results: Results showed the highest fresh and dry weight of aerial parts (59.32-11.68 g), flower number (9.33), protein content (58.62 µg/mg FW), and flower longevity on the plant (18.33 days) in the 100% FC + 100 mg/l ornithine. The highest fresh and dry weight of roots (20.16-5.12 g), longest root length (39.34 cm), and activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes (5.73, 3.62, 18.45 unit enzyme/g FW) were observed in the 100% FC + 100 mg/l proline. The highest plant height (39.42 cm), total chlorophyll (7.69 mg/g FW) and carotenoid (5.36 mg/g FW) content were associated with the 100% FC + 100 mg/l arginine. Furthermore, the 30% FC treatment exhibited the highest cell membrane ion leakage (27.43%) and proline (4.85 mg/g FW) content.
Conclusions: foliar application of 100 mg/l arginine, ornithine and proline amino acids can effectively mitigate the negative effects of water stress in marigold.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Plant growth under stressful conditions
Received: 2025/06/29 | Accepted: 2025/08/25
Received: 2025/06/29 | Accepted: 2025/08/25
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Journal of Soil and Plant Interactions by http://jspi.iut.ac.ir is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.
