Showing 23 results for Tomato
A. Tavassoli, A. Ghanbari, A. Ahmadian,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (5-2010)
Abstract
Abstract This research was performed in a completely randomized block design with four replications to investigate zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) nutrition effects on greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. HAMRA) in a perlite-containing media. Experimental treatments were: (1) control (Mn and Zn-free nutrient solution), (2) application of Mn in a concentration equal to the full Hoagland’s nutrient solution (4.06 mg/l), (3) application of Zn in a concentration equal to the full Hoagland’s nutrient solution (4.42 mg/l), (4) application of Mn and Zn in concentrations equal to the 50% Hoagland’s nutrient solution (2.03 mg/l Mn + 2.21 mg/l Zn), and (5) application of Mn and Zn in concentrations equal to the full Hoagland’s nutrient solution (4.06 mg/l Mn + 4.42 mg/l Zn). Results showed that the highest fresh-fruit yield, fruit and leaf dry matter and content of Mn and Zn in fruit were obtained from single or combined application of Mn and Zn in concentrations equal to the full Hoagland’s nutrient solution. In addition, Zn and Mn nutrition significantly affected the fruit concentrations of crude protein, nitrogen and phosphorus, while the effect of these treatments on fruit size of tomato was not significant.
N. Farzaneh, A. Golchin, K. Hashemi Majd,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (5-2010)
Abstract
The effects of different levels of nitrogen (100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/L) and potassium (125, 250 and 375 mg/L) on yield and leaf N and K concentrations of tomato were investigated in perlit culture using a factorial randomized design with three replications. The highest fruit yield was obtained with 200 mg/L N. Higher levels of nitrogen decreased tomato yield. With increasing nitrogen concentration in nutrient solution, N content of leaf increased significantly whereas leaf K concentration decreased. Different potassium levels had no significant effect on tomato yield. With increasing potassium levels of nutrient solution, concentration of leaf N decreased significantly whereas concentration of leaf K increased. The greatest and the least fruit yields were obtained from N200K250 and N400K375 treatments, respectively. The highest and the lowest concentrations of leaf N were observed in N400K125 and N100K375 treatments, respectively. The greatest and the least concentrations of leaf K were observed in N100K375 and N400K125 treatments, respectively.
M. Zahedifar, A. M. Ronaghi, S. A. A. Moosavi , S. Safarzadeh Shirazi ,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (8-2010)
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of salinity and nitrogen on growth and yield of tomato and concentration and total uptake of some nutrients in different parts of plant in hydroponics culture. Nitrogen (N) was used at 0, 1.5 and 3% levels as NH4Cl and NH4H2PO4 and salinity consisted of 0, 30 and 60 mM as NaCl and CaCl2 (2:1 w/w). A completely randomized design experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions. Results showed that fruit fresh weight increased with N application but salinity treatment decreased fruit yield. Maximum fresh weight was observed in treatment with 3% N and without any salinity application, whereas minimum fresh weight was obtained with 30 mM salinity and without any N application. Application of 30 and 60 mM salinity increased fruit phosphorous concentration significantly (P<0.05), but it did not affect shoot and fruit concentration. Nitrogen application increased fruit, shoot and root phosphorous concentration significantly. Root, shoot and fruit N uptake increased with N application (without salinity) whereas at high salinity level, increase in N uptake was lower than at low salinity level. Salinity increase without N decreased fruit phosphorous and manganese uptake, root copper, zinc and manganese concentration and shoot manganese uptake. Furthermore, results showed that at low salinity level, N application can alleviate the negative effects of salinity on growth and yield of plant.
S. Safarzadeh Shirazi, A. M Ronaghi, A. S. Gholami, M. Zahedifar,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (12-2010)
Abstract
Salinity plays an important role in the reduction of tomato growth, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Nitrogen (N) may increase tomato tolerance to salt stress by increasing plant growth. In order to investigate the interaction effect of salinity and nitrogen on tomato growth, fruit quality, and micronutrient concentration in tomato plants, a hydroponic experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments included 3 salinity levels (0, 30 and 60 mM), and 3 nitrogen rates (0, 1.5, and 3 mM). Results indicated that salinity decreased tomato height, shoot and fruit fresh weight, and increased citric acid in tomato fruit and consequently caused blossom-end rot in tomato fruit. However, salinity improved fruit quality (flavor). The use of N increased plant height, shoot, and fruit fresh weight compared to control. By application of N to saline nutrient solution, plant height increased. Salinity increased concentration of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in roots, as`well as Fe and Cu in fruit. Increasing N rates in nutrient solution increased micronutrients concentration in tomato roots. Interaction of 60 mM salinity and N decreased micronutrients concentration in root, compared to control. Our tentative conclusion shows that the addition of N to the nutrient solution may decrease detrimental effect of salinity on the growth of tomato plants.
M. Zahedifar, A. M. Ronaghi, S. A. A. Moosavi, S. Safarzadeh Shirazi,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (12-2010)
Abstract
The effect of salinity and nitrogen on yield, vitamin C, citric acid and nutrient distribution of tomato in hydroponics culture was investigated. Tomato seeds were first let germinate in yonolit pots with wet coco peat and then their seedlings were transferred to plastic tanks containing 5 liters nutrient solution. Treatments were three levels of salinity (0, 30 and 60 mM as NaCl and CaCl2) and three levels of nitrogen (0, 1.5 and 3% as NH4Cl and NH4H2PO4 and 2:1 w/w). The results showed that nitrogen application increased wet and dry weights but salinity decreased them. Furthermore, salinity application had no effect on vitamin C, but 60 mM salinity increased citric acid compared to that of control. Nutrients distribution varied in different parts of then plants. Salinity increased iron and manganese uptake, but it had no effect on uptake of other nutrients. Salinity and nitrogen application reduced this inappropriate effect.
E. Shirmohammadi, N. Aliasgharzad, Sh. Oustan, N. Najafi, B. Shirmohammadi,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (12-2010)
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can affect their host plants growth through nutrient uptake enhancement. Determination of chelators (siderophores and phytosiderophores) in root leachates is of importance in order to account for the effects of AMF on nutrient uptake by plants. In this study, tomato plants were inoculated with either Glomus intraradices or Glomus etunicatum or left un-inoculated as non-mycorrhizal control, in pots containing sterile and acid washed perlite. Rorison’s nutrient solution harbouring three levels of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu (full strength, half strength and without micronutrients) was applied to the pots during three month- growth period. Root leachates were collected and total chelator concentration was quantified by titration with DTPA. Plant roots showed lower mycorrhizal colonization in this condition. The amounts of chelators produced by roots were significantly different in AMF species. In plants inoculated with G. intraradices, the highest chelator production occurred in the absence of micronutrients and in its half strength as well, but the micronutrient levels had no significant effect on chelator production in plants inoculated with G. etunicatum. In the absence of micronutrients, chelator production was higher in G.intraradices inoculated plants compared to the G. etunicatum ones.
Z. Ghasemi, A. A. Shahabi,
Volume 1, Issue 4 (3-2011)
Abstract
To study the effects of potassium and zinc on decreasing the cadmium (Cd) toxicity on growth and physiological parameters of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) a greenhouse experiment was conducted in a soilless system with complete randomized block factorial design. Zinc (Zn) was applied in three levels: 88.8, 177.6 and 355.2 µg L-1 as the first factor. The second factor was potassium (K) with three levels of 255, 510 and 1020 mg L-1. The base solution (Hoagland solution) contained 20 mM cadmium in all the treatments. The results showed that Zn treatments had significant effect on some growth indices including RGR, RLGR, LWR, LWCA, dry weight of aerial parts and soluble sugar content. Increasing the Zn level caused 7.7, 7.7, 3.3, 4 and 31.3% decrease in RGR, RLGR, LWR, LWCA and sugar content, respectively. The K treatments had significant effects on LAR, SLA, LWR, LWCA, NAR and root fresh weight. The LAR, SLA and LWR were increased 7.7, 15.3 and 6.9%, respectively. It was concluded that Zn had synergistic effect with Cd in tomato, and therefore co-existence of Zn and Cd reduced crop growth. Whereas, K application had antagonistic effect with Cd, and caused an increase in LAR and SLA. Interaction of K and Zn was not significantly effective on the measured parameters.
Z. Razmi , A.a. Ghaemi,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (12-2011)
Abstract
Abstract
In order to determine the actual evapotranspiration of tomato in the greenhouse, crop and soil-water stress coefficients were surveyed. To compare the actual evapotranspiration at different irrigation intervals (1, 2, 4, 6 and 8-day), a completely randomized blocks design with four replications was performed. The present study was carried out in a greenhouse covered by 4 mm thick glass. Maximum and minimum temperatures and solar radiation were measured inside the greenhouse once in 24 h. Relative humidity was measured in the greenhouse once in 2 h. Microclimate data were measured in a metrological station, 100 m from the greenhouse, simultaneously, at outside the greenhouse. Reference crop evapotranspiration was calculated by FAO Penman-Monteith method for inside and outside of the greenhouse. Results indicated that the reference evapotranspiration in the inside of the greenhouse was 73% of outside the greenhouse. The actual evapotranspiration of tomato for inside of the greenhouse was determined by using the water balance method. By using the pergeometer and albidometer data, the crop coefficient for inside the greenhouse at three different stages (development, mid, and end) of growth was determined as 0.85, 1.0 and 0.77, respectively. Soil-water stress coefficient, with readily available coefficient of 0.7, was determined to be in the range of 0.53 to 0.98 for all the treatments. This coefficient was 0.88 for water-stressed 4-day treatment, and reduced to 0.72 for 8-day treatment.
M. Koushafar, A.h. Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.a. Moezzi, M. Mobli,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (2-2012)
Abstract
One of the problems for unequal distribution of salts in the root media is toxicity of sodium (Na) and reduced uptake of some nutrients, particularly calcium (Ca) and potassium (K), by the roots growing in the saline section. There is a hypothesis that addition of Ca and K to these systems might alleviate salt-induced damages to plants. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Ca and K application on fruit yield, water use and crop per drop (CPD) of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. Falcato F1) plants grown in a hydroponic system with unequal distribution of salts in the root media. Tomato roots were divided into two equal splits and one half was immersed in the full Johnson nutrient solution. In the other root half, 40 mM NaCl solution, alone or in combination with KCl (6 mM), CaCl2 (4 mM), K+Ca (3+2 mM) or half-strength Johnson nutrient solution, was applied. A control treatment was also used in which both root splits were immersed in the Johnson nutrient solution (C). The root splits were exchanged every 7 days. Results showed that addition of 40 mM NaCl in one side of the root media resulted in reduction of fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, stem diameter, shoot height, number of leaves and fruit yield of tomato in comparison with the control treatment. Addition of Ca, K+Ca and half-strength Johnson nutrient solution to the saline part of the root media increased significantly the root and shoot growth and fruit yield of tomato compared with the sole application of saline solution. In contrast, addition of K could not alleviate the adverse effects of salinity and even reduced the fruit yield. Application of 40 mM NaCl in one side of the root media reduced significantly the plant water use. Addition of Ca, K+Ca and half-strength Johnson nutrient solution to the saline part of the root media resulted in significant increase in CPD. Addition of Ca, K+Ca and half-strength Johnson nutrient solution caused replacement of 48, 43 and 43% of nutrient solution with saline water, respectively. According to the results of this study, in case of dynamic and non-uniform distribution of salts in the root media, by addition of Ca to the saline solution, it would be possible to replace about half of the crop water demand with saline water, with no significant fruit yield reduction.
M.h. Rasouli-Sadaghiani, N. Moradi, R. Hamzenejhad,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (1-2016)
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of type and ratio of vermicompost on tomato growth, with five different types of vermicompost (platanus leaves, maple leaves, pruning apple trees and grape, waste of herbal extracts and azolla residues) and four ratios of vermicompost to peat and perlite (2:1 v/v) as 0, 1:3, 2:3 and 3:3, at greenhouse conditions. Results showed that type of vermicompost had a significant effect (P≤ 0.05) on plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, number of internodes and stem diameter. The interaction between type and ratio of vermicompost had significant effect on root and shoot dry weight, stem diameter, nitrogen (N) percent, and potassium (K) percent. The highest effect on shoot dry weight, stem diameter and the N percentage was observed in the ratio of 2:3 vermicompost of azolla residues. The amount of K in the ratio of 2:3 vermicompost of maple leaves increased 66.18% as compared to the control treatment. Also, different ratios of vermicompost increased percentage of phosphorus and concentration of iron and zinc, as compared to peat+ perlite treatment. Generally, different types and ratios of vermicompost compared to peat+ perlite medium had a positive effect on growth indices and mineral concentration in the tomato plant.
J. Javanmardi, H. Sattar,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (5-2016)
Abstract
Extensive use of chemicals in crop production has attracted global public concerns in terms of their effects on human health. The issue has led to movement toward reducing chemicals and replacing with environmentally-friendly compounds during production processes of agricultural crops. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of fertilizers with biologic origin, including seaweed extract and amino acids and their combination, on five cultivars of greenhouse tomatoes (Sweet million, Golden cherry, M09, EDU and Guiza) in soil culture system under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that the use of fertilizers containing amino acid has generally more positive effects than seaweed extract on tomato plant yield. The impact of tomato cultivar on response to fertilizers showed that fruit length, diameter and weight of cherry tomatoes (Sweet million, Golden cherry, M09) were not affected as much as large tomatoes (EDU and Guiza) by fertilizers containing amino acids or seaweed extract. In most cases, fruit quality characteristics including percentage of titratable acidity, soluble solids content and vitamin C were greater when fertilizers containing amino acids were used.
A. Peimani Foroushani, N. Poorjavad, M. Haghigh, J. Khajehali,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (8-2016)
Abstract
Considering the increase of using vermicompost fertilizers in greenhouse cultivation, effect of vermicompost application on growth characteristics of tomato and one of its major pests [greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hem:Aleyrodidae)] was investigated. The experiment consisted of five treatments: control (without vermicompost), 30% and 60% solid vermicompost fertilizer, and 40% and 20% aqueous extracts of vermicompost. Effect of vermicompost on greenhouse whitefly was tested for two different cases of with-choice and no-choice. Results showed that significant increase in shoot dry weight and root dry weight of tomato in vermicompost treatments. The highest increase (18 and 12 fold, respectively) was observed in plants treated with 60% solid vermicompost. The highest amount of nitrogen (0.43 mg/kg), potassium (14.56 mg/kg) and phenol (1130.46 ppm) was recorded in60% solid vermicompost treatment. Also, application of vermicompost reduced the percentage of infested leaves to whitefly, such that the lowest amounts were 6.67% and 8.97% in 60% and 30% solid vermicompost treatments, respectively, and 10.53% in 40% aqueous extract of vermicompost. The mortality of the second instar nymph of greenhouse whitefly-the stage that insects become fixed to the leaves by their sucking mouthparts- was increased (about 10%) by application of vermicompost.
P. Namvar, H. Farazmand, S. Salehi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (8-2017)
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci is one of the most important pests of tomato greenhouses in Jiroft and chemical control is the only way to control this pest. To reduce the use of chemical pesticides and produce healthy crops, studying safer control methods such as application of kaolin powder is very important. In this study, the effect of kaolin clay, made in Iran (Sepidan(R)), on the control of Bemisia tabaci was investigated in a RCBD with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments were kaolin clay at 3% and 5% concentrations with 2 and 3 times application (10 days intervals), acetamipride spraying at 0.05% concentration with 2 and 3 times application (10 days intervals) and control (water spraying) with 2 and 3 times application (10 days intervals). Results showed that acetamipride treatments on the first day with 80 2.07 % and 85.22 2.95 % and on the third day with 74.52 2.48 % and 77.05 4.32 % had the highest efficiency and they had no significant difference with efficiency of kaolin clay at 5% concentration with 3 times application on the first day (71.02 3.9 % ) and third day after treatment (65.5 3.78 %). Also it was revealed that there was no significant difference between average yields of treatments.
En Ali Asghar Ghaemi, En Mohammad Hossein Salimi, A. Tabarzad,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (12-2017)
Abstract
Scarcity of conventional water resources and high volume of wastewaters have increased the important role of crop residues to reduce evaporation from soil surface and optimal use of water, especially in greenhouse cultivation. In the present research, the impact of crop residues and fishery’s wastewater on yield, qualitative characteristics and water productivity of cherry tomato was studied. The experiment was carried out with two main treatments (tap water (from a well), w0, and fishery’s wastewater, w1) and four levels of crop residues (0, 5.5, 11 and 16.5 gram crop residue per kg of soil, as M1, M2, M3 and M4, respectively) based on a split-plot design with four replications, in Research Greenhouse of College of Agriculture, Shiraz University. Results showed that fishery’s wastewater increased the yield of cherry tomato more than well water. But application of crop residues in both wastewater and well water treatments increased the yield up to a certain level (11 gram per kg soil), and in 16.5 gram crop residues per kg soil (treatment M4) decreased the yield and evapotranspiration. Fishery’s wastewater did not have any harmful effect on fruit quality. Results also showed that water productivity of wastewater treatment, at all levels of crop residues, was more than well-water treatment. Maximum and minimum fruit yields (0.732 and 0.32 kg per plant) were obtained in W1M3 and W0M4 treatments, respectively. Maximum and minimum amount of net consumptive water use (434 and 348 liters) were obtained in W0M1 and W1M4 treatments, respectively.
F. Fooladgar, M. Talebi, M. Bahar,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) plants are one of the great achievements of modern biotechnology in agriculture, which their cultivation has been increased in recent years. According to the international biosafety law, the import of genetically modified plants without the permission of Biosafety Committee into the country is prohibited. Therefore, we need an accurate method for assessing whether they are transgenic or not. In this study, samples of tomatoes were collected from various sources such as shops and greenhouses in Isfahan province to evaluate if they are transgenic. The initial screening of all samples was performed using primer pairs P35S F/R for CaMV35S promoter and NOS-1/NOS-3 for NOS terminator, amplified 195 bp and 180 bp of 35S promoter and NOS terminator sequences, respectively. The sequence of fragments was verified by comparison with known sequences in GeneBank and indicated a 100% homology, showing the studied samples are genetically engineered. The tomato samples were also tested for the presence of antisense polygalactoronase (PG) gene using the primer pair PG F/R, which amplified 384bp in all samples. Sequence analysis of this fragment resembled 100% similarity with the sequence of PG antisense gene in Gene Bank database. Results of this study showed that there is a transgenic tomato in the Iranian market. But, the consumers are not aware of its changed nature.
A. Khaleghi, E. Dadbin, A. Asghari Marjanlou,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (10-2019)
Abstract
Tomato is one of the most important horticultural crops that is corruptible and susceptible to microbial contamination. In this study, the effect of UV-C at five different irradiation intensities (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 kJ/m2) on rot control and postharvest quality of greenhouse tomato was investigated. Tomato (cv. Newton) fruits were harvested from a commercial greenhouse at vine-ripe stage and after treatment, were stored at 10 °C and relative humidity of 85-90%. Qualitative characteristics of the fruits such as decay rate, firmness, vitamin C, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ripening index, weight loss and color (L*, a*, b*, Hue and Chroma) were evaluated after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of cold storage. Results showed that vitamin C, firmness and color values were decreased; while weight loss percentage and decay rate were increased during the storage period. UV-C treatments did not have significant effect on traits of color, ripening index, weight loss percentage, firmness and pH. But the fruits treated with UV-C at 6 kJ/m2 dose had low decay rate as compared to control. The highest vitamin C content was obtained in treated fruits with 12 kJ/m2 of UV-C on twenty-first day of storage. Total soluble solids and titratable acidity were decreased in high doses of UV-C treatment. According to the results, it can be concluded that UV-C treatment of tomato fruits at vine-ripe stage, at its optimal doses, can reduce fruit decay and maintain or increase its antioxidant capacity, including vitamin C.
P. Namvar, S. Farrokhi,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (11-2020)
Abstract
Tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta Meyrick, is a pest which entered Iran in 2010; it was spread rapidly in many areas including Jiroft, in the southern Kerman province. The predatory bug, Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter (Hempitera, Miridae) is an effective biocontrol agent against T. absoluta in tomato greenhouses. To evaluate the efficiency of N. tenuis in controlling T. absoluta, the predator was released in five treatments including: one pair of adult predator per plant, 6 fourth stage nymphs per plant in the same time with the artificial pest release, one pair of adult predator per plant and 6 fourth stage nymphs per plant one week before artificial pest release and control (no predator). The experiments were done in a completely randomized block design with 3 replications. Evaluation was done on 40 and 70 days after the artificial pest release on 20 plants per plot which had been selected randomly. The results showed that the two treatments of predator release before pest release were significantly better than the others in reducing the number of larvae (5 ± 1.52, 5.1 ± 1.01 on 40th day and 2 ± 0.58, 4 ± 0.58 on 70th day), mines (11.4 ± 2.96, 10.7 ± 2.2 on the 40th day and 4.67 ± 0.67, 6.7 ± 0.88 on 70th day) and the percent of the damaged fruit (4.7 ± 1.45 and 7.3 ± 1.21), as well as increasing the predator established on plants (3.6 ± 0.14, 3.1 ± 0.07 on the 40th day and 5.8 ± 0.2, 4.6 ± 0.24 on the 70th day). Moreover, these two mentioned treatments had no significant difference with the others in regard to the symptoms of N. tenuis damage in plants, especially in the final evaluation; so they could be recommended for use in commercial greenhouses.
M. Khalili, S. Shahraki, I. Piri, A.f. Tavassoli, M.r. Naghavi,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2021)
Abstract
To investigate the effect of irrigation volume and nutrient consumption on yield and yield components of cherry tomatoes, a greenhouse experiment was conducted as split plots in a completely randomized design. The results showed that the maximum plant height, stem diameter, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per harvest, total fruit yield, and shoots dry weight were obtained in the treatment of 20 liters of water per square meter per day with nutrient solution application of micronutrients with concentrations of one and a half times the Hoagland solution. The highest water use efficiency obtained from the treatments of 15 and 20 liters of water per square meter per day and consumption of nutrient solution one and a half times the concentration of micronutrients in Hoagland solution with averages of 6.55 and 6.10 g final yield of fresh fruit each plant per liter of water consumption per plant, respectively. Correlation coefficients between the traits also showed a positive and significant relationship between total fruit yield with all studied traits, so that the highest correlation (r = 0.93) had with trait of number of fruits per plant and the lowest correlation (r = 0.7) had with trait of stem diameter.
S.s. Fatemi Ghiri, S.j. Tabatabaei,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (3-2022)
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide plays an important role in the response of plants to environmental signals. This experiment aimed to find the effect of hydrogen peroxide at four levels (0, 20, 40, and 80 μL L-1) on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two tomato cultivars including "Newton" and "Cherry Santella” grown in the hydroponics. The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications. The results showed that the application of hydrogen peroxide significantly increased the vegetative characteristics and qualitative characteristics of tomato such as number of leaves, dry weight of leaves, fresh and dry weights of root, root volume, firmness and fruit juice pH. Maximum fresh weight of fruits was achieved at 80 μL L-1 concentration with a 58% higher than that of the control. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide increased fruit shelf life by 35% in "Cherry Santella" cultivar compared to control. The highest number of leaves, fresh and dry weights and root volume were observed at 80 μL L-1. Fruit firmness and shelf life were increased at 40 μL L-1 concentration. These findings suggest that the concentrations of 40 μL L-1 can be used for tomato production in hydroponics.
B. Damankeshan, M.h. Shamshiri, H. Alaei,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Abstract
Association of the plant with microorganisms such as dark septate endophytic fungi reduces the harmful effects of environmental stresses such as salinity. In this experiment, the effect of dark septate endophytes isolated from date palm roots on increasing salinity resistance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Super cheif) was investigated. The experiment was performed as a factorial in a completely randomized design with two factors including the type of isolate at 13 levels [4-B, 8-B, 10-D, 11-C, 14-A, 15-D, 16-A, 19-F, 21-A, 22-C, 22-E, 39-D, control (PDA plug)], and salinity at 3 levels (zero, 50 and 100 mM sodium chloride) with 3 replications. Tomato plants were inoculated with fungal isolates separated from date palm roots under salinity. Based on ANOVA results, in symbiosis with fungal isolates of 4-B and 11-C, the negative effects of salinity (up to 100 mM and equivalent to 9.52 dS/m) on tomato biomass were reduced. At salinity of 100 mM, 4-B had the highest plant fresh weight and 11-C had the highest plant dry weight compared to other treatments and were 55.51 and 26.55% higher than the non-inoculated treatments, respectively. By increasing the salinity level up to 100 mM, isolates of 4-B, 8-D, 10-D and 11-C had high efficiency in decreasing sodium concentration, increasing potassium concentration and potassium to sodium ratio. Symbiosis with some fungi (10-D and 8-B) caused a significant increase in phosphorus concentration (19%) compared to non-inoculated plants. At different salinity levels, isolates of 11-C, 39-D and 10-D increased the leaf relative water content. Increase in salinity up to 50 mM (equivalent to 5.44 dS/m) was associated with increased endophytic dependency and isolates of 11-C and 4-B showed the highest increase (43%) compared to other isolates.
