Volume 17, Issue 2 (Journal of Soil and Plant Interactions 2026)
2026, 17(2): 59-75 |
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1- Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Iran , soodaie@sku.ac.ir
2- Rice Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Amol, Iran
2- Rice Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Amol, Iran
Abstract: (266 Views)
Background and Objective: Nitrogen is the most important external input for crop production, and efficient nitrogen management is essential for improving long-term sustainability in modern agriculture. This study aimed to develop an effective approach for optimizing fertilization and improving the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer use in rice.
Methods: The present study was conducted as a factorial (2×3×4) randomized complete blocks design with 24 treatments and three replications in the research farm of the Deputy of the National Rice Research Institute in Mazandaran during two cropping years. The treatments included four nitrogen levels (i.e., 0, 46, 69, and 92 kg N ha-1 applied as urea) and three phosphorus levels (i.e., 0, 23, and 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 applied as triple superphosphate). At the harvest stage, grain and straw yield, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) indices were measured and computed using established equations.
Results: The results indicated statistically significant effects of treatments on the measured traits and certain NUE indices at the 1% probability level. Specifically, the N92 treatment yielded grain and straw amounts of 864.2 and 1263.4 kg ha−1, respectively, representing increases of 88.23 and 43.02% relative to the control (i.e., N0), which corresponded to 98.8 and 160% higher nitrogen uptake in grain and straw, respectively, compared to N0. Relative nitrogen productivity declined with increasing nitrogen rates in ratoon crops but rose with higher phosphorus application across different nitrogen levels. Apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency increased up to the N69 treatment and declined at the highest nitrogen rate (i.e., N92).
Conclusion: Nitrogen and phosphorus interactions increased grain yield and NUE, which was accompanied by increased nitrogen uptake. Therefore, balanced application of nitrogen and phosphorus is recommended to enhance yield and NUE in ratoon rice systems. Increasing the NUE of rice is urgently needed for sustainable agricultural development.
Methods: The present study was conducted as a factorial (2×3×4) randomized complete blocks design with 24 treatments and three replications in the research farm of the Deputy of the National Rice Research Institute in Mazandaran during two cropping years. The treatments included four nitrogen levels (i.e., 0, 46, 69, and 92 kg N ha-1 applied as urea) and three phosphorus levels (i.e., 0, 23, and 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 applied as triple superphosphate). At the harvest stage, grain and straw yield, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) indices were measured and computed using established equations.
Results: The results indicated statistically significant effects of treatments on the measured traits and certain NUE indices at the 1% probability level. Specifically, the N92 treatment yielded grain and straw amounts of 864.2 and 1263.4 kg ha−1, respectively, representing increases of 88.23 and 43.02% relative to the control (i.e., N0), which corresponded to 98.8 and 160% higher nitrogen uptake in grain and straw, respectively, compared to N0. Relative nitrogen productivity declined with increasing nitrogen rates in ratoon crops but rose with higher phosphorus application across different nitrogen levels. Apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency increased up to the N69 treatment and declined at the highest nitrogen rate (i.e., N92).
Conclusion: Nitrogen and phosphorus interactions increased grain yield and NUE, which was accompanied by increased nitrogen uptake. Therefore, balanced application of nitrogen and phosphorus is recommended to enhance yield and NUE in ratoon rice systems. Increasing the NUE of rice is urgently needed for sustainable agricultural development.
Type of Article: Research |
Subject:
Availability of soil water and nutrients for plant
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Journal of Soil and Plant Interactions by http://jspi.iut.ac.ir is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.
